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Degrees of Freedom (a.k.a. df ):

Degrees of Freedom (a.k.a. df ):. df = # data points - # parameters estimated (or constraints) df total = a*n – 1, where “a” = #groups, & “n” = #subjects in each group df betw = a-1 df w /in = a(n-1 ) Just like: SS total = Ss betw + Ss within ,

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Degrees of Freedom (a.k.a. df ):

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  1. Degrees of Freedom (a.k.a. df): df = # data points - # parameters estimated (or constraints) dftotal = a*n – 1, where “a” = #groups, & “n” = #subjects in each group dfbetw = a-1 dfw/in = a(n-1) • Just like: SStotal= Ssbetw + Sswithin, • dftotal= dfbetw + dfwithin. • And show that algebraically. And add interaction etc.

  2. Degrees of Freedom (a.k.a. df): dftotal = an - 1 = 3*4 -1 = 11 (a*n data - ) dfbetw = a - 1 = 3-1 = 2 (a group means & 1 constraint; their avg = ) dfw/in = a(n - 1) = 3(4-1) = 9 (n subjects in each group -1; done "a" times)

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