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The Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights. Civil Liberties. Freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment. The 1 st Amendment Protects…. Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Freedom of assembly Freedom to petition the government.

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The Bill of Rights

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  1. The Bill of Rights

  2. Civil Liberties • Freedoms to think and act without government interference or fear of unfair legal treatment

  3. The 1st Amendment Protects… • Freedom of religion • Freedom of speech • Freedom of the press • Freedom of assembly • Freedom to petition the government

  4. Freedom of Religion • Protects the freedom of Americans to practice their faith as they wish • Congress may not declare an official religion • Government may not favor one religion over another

  5. Freedom of Speech • Protects the freedom of Americans to say what is on their minds, in public or private, without fear of punishment by the government • Includes the internet, TV and radio

  6. Freedom of the Press • Protects the freedom of Americans to be exposed to a wide variety of viewpoints. It also ensures that the government cannot practice censorship

  7. Censorship • The banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas

  8. Freedom to Assemble • Protects the freedom of Americans to gather in groups for any reason as long as the assemblies are peaceful • Includes political parties and labor unions

  9. Freedom to Petition • Protects the freedom of Americans to petition the government • Includes expressing complaints about community problems or suggestions for improvement

  10. Petition • A formal request

  11. Slander • spoken untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

  12. Libel • written untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation

  13. 4th Amendment • protects Americans “against unreasonable searches and seizures” • Requires any government agent wanting to search your property would need a search warrant

  14. Search Warrant • A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as evidence • Issued by a judge

  15. 5th Amendment • Protects the rights of people accused • Protects people from being put on trial for a serious federal crime without an indictment • Protects people from double jeopardy • Protects people from having to testify against themselves (the right to remain silent) • Guarantees people due process • Limits the government’s power of eminent domain

  16. Indictment • a formal charge by a group of citizens called agrand jury • is needed before a citizen can be put on trial for a serious federal crime

  17. Grand Jury • a group of citizens that review evidence against the accused

  18. Double Jeopardy • Putting someone on trial for a crime of which he or she was previously acquitted

  19. Due Process • Following established legal procedures

  20. Eminent Domain • The right of the government to take private property (usually land) for public use

  21. 6th Amendment • Requires that a person who has been accused of a crime be told the exact nature of the charges against them • The accused is entitled to have a lawyer • Guarantees a speedy trial • The accused must be given a trial by jury (unless they choose a trial by judge)

  22. 8th Amendment • Gives the accused the choice to wait for their trial in jail, or to pay bail to remain free while they wait • Forbids excessive bail • Forbids “cruel and unusual punishment” • (Example: 20 years in prison for a parking ticket)

  23. Bail • A sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial

  24. 2nd Amendment • states rights to keep a well regulated militia • individuals to keep and bear arms

  25. Militia • Small, local army made up of volunteer soldiers

  26. 7th Amendment • gives citizens the right to have a jury trial in civil cases over $20 if they choose, though it is not required

  27. Civil Case • A lawsuit that involves a disagreement between people rather than a crime.

  28. 9th Amendment • Citizens have other rights beyond those listed in the Constitution • The right to privacy is not mentioned in the Constitution

  29. 10th Amendment • any powers the Constitution does not directly give to the national government are reserved for the states and the people • The United States government can only have the powers the people give to it

  30. Bill of Rights • First 10 amendments of the Constitution • Only protected the rights of white men

  31. 13th Amendment (1865) • officially outlawed slavery in the United States

  32. Black Codes • Laws passed by Southern states to limit the rights of African Americans

  33. 14th Amendment (1868) • defined a United States citizen as anyone “born or naturalized in the United States.” • required each state to allow its citizens “equal protection of the laws.” • used in recent years to protect the rights of people with disabilities as well as other groups who are sometimes not treated fairly.

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