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Earth History GEOL 2110

Earth History GEOL 2110. The Paleozoic Era Silurian and Devonian Periods – Part II Stratigraphy and Tectonics. Major Concepts. The proliferation of coral reefs caused restricted basins wherein great thickness of limestone and evaporites were deposited.

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Earth History GEOL 2110

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  1. Earth History GEOL 2110 The Paleozoic Era Silurian and Devonian Periods – Part IIStratigraphy and Tectonics

  2. Major Concepts • The proliferation of coral reefs caused restricted basins wherein great thickness of limestone and evaporites were deposited. • Along the eastern margin of North America the collision with the European craton and Avalonian micro-continents and volcanic arcs created a new orogenic belt in the Devonian • This orogenic event caused intense warping of the craton that accentuated the arches and basins that had begun to form in the Ordovician. • It also generated a new clastic wedge of redbedmollassesediments in eastern NA and northern Europe • Devonian tectonism also affected arctic regions and the western margin of North America

  3. Silurian – Devonian Major Events

  4. Carbonate Reefs and Evaporites

  5. Carbonate Reefs

  6. Sabhkas Evaporites Salts in Normal Seawater NaCl – 2.72% Halite(Salt) MgCl2 – 0.38% MgSO4 – 0.16% CaSO4 – 0.12% Anhydrite K2SO4 – 0.08% CaCO2 – 0.01% Calcite Calcite  Dolomite 2CaCO3 + Mg+2  CaMg(CO3)2 + Ca+2 Density of Brines

  7. Evaporite Basins of the Silurian

  8. Early Devonian RegressionBreak between Tippecanoe and Kaskasia Sequences

  9. Early Devonian RegressionMuch of the Silurian Removed on Arches Silurian Missing from MN

  10. Kaskasia Sequence of the DevonianMountain-building and Craton-warping affects Sedimentation

  11. Craton Warping Creates Multiple Unconformities Mississippian LS thin Silurian LS Ordovician LS Devonian Missing Unconformities draping the Ozark Dome, Missouri

  12. Acadian OrogenyA New Clastic Wedge Forms Coarse Immature Sandstone (Molasse) Black Slate (Flysch) Redeformation of Late Ordovician Taconian Deformation

  13. Acadian Orogeny Overprints PrecusorOrogens Late Ordovician Middle Silurian Late Devonian K-Ar ages

  14. Remember the Grenville Collision of Laurentia with Amazonia (SA) at 1 Ga

  15. Caledonian OrogenyEurope Docks to the North in Early Devonian

  16. Caledonian OrogenyA Continent-Continent Collision

  17. Devonian Old Red SandstoneClastic Wedge on European Side of the Caledonian Orogen

  18. Minor Devonian OrogeniesEllesmerian (Arctic) Antler (Western NA)

  19. More to ComeMaking Pangea

  20. Feedback of the Organic and Physical World

  21. Next Lecture • The Paleozoic Era • The Carboniferous and Permian Periods • The Making of Pangea

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