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Motor control and object recognition

Motor control and object recognition. Jaap Murre Chapters 4, 5, and 6 This lecture can be found at: http://www.memory.uva.nl/np/motor. Overview. Motor control Stucture and function of the motor system New results from brain imaging Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease Object recognition

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Motor control and object recognition

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  1. Motor control and object recognition Jaap Murre Chapters 4, 5, and 6 This lecture can be found at: http://www.memory.uva.nl/np/motor

  2. Overview • Motor control • Stucture and function of the motor system • New results from brain imaging • Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease • Object recognition • What and where pathways • Apperceptive and associative aphasia

  3. Motor control Chapter 4

  4. Basic questions regarding motor control can nowadays be answered • How are motor movements represented in the brain? • How are they used in the production of movement? • Which brain areas are involved?

  5. Schematic overview of the motor system

  6. ‘Correspondence views’ on brain structures

  7. Cortical anatomy of the motor system: lateral view

  8. Medial view

  9. Simple movement activations motor cortex and somatosensory cortex

  10. More complicated sequences involve other areas SMA = supplementary motor area (part of area 6)

  11. Imagined movements remain limited to the supplementary motor area (SMA)

  12. Internally and externally generated movements PMC = premotor cortex (also part of area 6)

  13. Skilled (Old) versus new motor movements

  14. Spinal cord

  15. Cats with severed spinal cord could still walk on a treadmill

  16. Muscles are activated by alpha motor neurons

  17. The stretch reflex reveals some elementary processing in the spinal cord

  18. Global anatomy of cerebellum

  19. More detailed anatomy of cerebellum

  20. Louis Bolk: midline cerebellar vernis controls bilaterally synchronized movements; cerebellar hemispheres control unilateral movements

  21. Computational views on cerebellum

  22. Basal ganglia

  23. Basal ganglia • Caudate • Putamen • Globus pallidus • Subthalamic nuclei • Substantia nigra Striatum

  24. SNc = substantia nigra pars reticulata SNr = substantia nigra pars compacta • Gpe = globus pallidus external segment • Gpi = globus pallidus internal segment • STN = subtalamic nucleus Excitatory pathway Inhibitory pathway

  25. Summary of the architecture of the motor system

  26. How these structures may contribute to our actions

  27. Activation of motor areas is a cascade rather than a sequence

  28. Object recognition Chapter 5

  29. What and where pathways from the occipital cortex Where What

  30. Where stream

  31. Neuron in posterior parietal cortex

  32. What stream

  33. Desimone’s study of V4* neurons * V4 is visual cortex before inferotemporal cortex (IT)

  34. A neuron in inferior temporal cortex (IT)

  35. What is known about what is located in the brain?

  36. PET data corroborate the lesion data

  37. Warrington’s two-stage model of object recognition

  38. Warrington’s Unusual Views and Shadows Tests for apperceptive agnosia • Based on the following principle: • Right parietal lobe patients have problems recognizing an object if its features must be inferred or extracted from a limited perceptual input.

  39. Right hemisphere lesionUnusual Views Test

  40. Right hemisphere lesion (cont’d)Shadows Test

  41. Associative agnosia: semantic categorization is impaired

  42. Warrington’s two-stage model of object recognition

  43. Magnocellular pathway aka Dorsal pathway aka Parietal pathway aka Where pathway Summing up the what and where • Parvocellular pathway aka • Ventral pathway aka • Temporal pathway aka • What pathway

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