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Understanding Ecology and Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Learn about ecology, levels of organization in ecosystems, biotic and abiotic factors, and energy flow through food chains and webs.

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Understanding Ecology and Energy Flow in Ecosystems

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  1. Thursday, September 19th , 2013 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • By the end of today I should be able to… • Explain what ecology is • Identify the levels of organization that ecologists study • Entrance Activity: • Open your book to page 63 and read the chapter mystery. • What is mystery you will be trying to solve in this chapter?

  2. I. Interactions and Interdependence Ecology – The scientific study of interactions among organisms and their environment. • Comes from the Greek word “oikos” meaning house.

  3. Nature’s “houses” come in many different sizes. • Imagine yourself sitting in your room at home. • Each of the levels around you creates a bigger and bigger house

  4. Biosphere – The Level that contains the ENTIRE PLANET. All life exists • Air (atmosphere)– • Water – • Land -

  5. II. Levels of Organization • To understand relationships within the biosphere, you need to understand all the levels that life can be observed. • From Smallest →Largest • Species, Population, Community, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere

  6. Biotic and Abiotic Factors • The living and non-living factors determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organisms lives • Biotic (living) all living aspects of a habitat that an organisms might interact with • Abiotic (nonliving)Temperature, precipitation, wind, nutrient availability, soil type, sunlight

  7. SELF CHECK!! 1. What is ecology? 2. What does the word NESTED mean? 3. Order the following: • Population, ecosystem, biome, species, community 4. What is an ABIOTIC factor? 5. What is a Biotic factor?

  8. Review your biotic and abiotic connections from yesterday. • One way flow of energy!! • Food CHAINS and WEBS • Arrows point to the movement of ENERGY!!!

  9. Tuesday, September 23rd , 2014 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • By the end of today I should be able to… • The movement of energy through an ecosystem • Entrance Activity: • In looking at your homework from yesterday… select one word to explain and give an example of… • Which word is it? • What is your example?

  10. What is the main source of energy for our Planet? Sunlight is the main source of energy for life. • Does Main mean ALL????

  11. Some types of organisms rely on energy from other sources such as inorganic chemicals… • Think about things at the bottom of the ocean…

  12. PRODUCERS Def: Autotrophs – Organisms that use energy from their environment to make food. • We refer to Autotrophs as “Producers” since they Produce all the energy that is needed by all other life!

  13. a) Energy from the Sun • What is the name for the process of turning light into food? • On land, plants are the main source of photosynthesis, in the oceans it is bacteria!

  14. b) Life w/o Light • What happens when Light doesn’t reach Life? Is there just, “no life there”? Def: Chemosynthesis – a process where organisms use inorganic chemicals as their energy source.

  15. Review: What are Primary producers?

  16. II. Consumers Def: Heterotrophs – Organisms that rely on other organisms for their food and energy supply. • We refer to Heterotrophs as “Consumers” since they have to consume other things to live.

  17. II. Consumers pg. 71 • What different kinds of Consumers can there be? • Herbivores – • Carnivores – • Omnivores – • Detritivores-

  18. Can energy or matter ever be destroyed?

  19. III. Feeding Relationships KC: Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the Sun or inorganic compounds, to Autotrophs, and then to Heterotrophs. • Think about in terms of “who-eats-who”….

  20. IN YOUR NOTEBOOK • Draw a food web that connects and shows the transfer of energy between at least 5 different living things. • Include pictures of each with arrows • Write a paragraph under it explaining your connections

  21. HOMEWORK on a separate sheet • Write a paragraph that describes how energy moves through an ecosystem. Use the following vocab words • Energy • Autotroph • Heterotroph • Decomposer

  22. Thursday, September 25th, 2014 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • By the end of today I should be able to… • Describe energy transfers throughout an ecosystem • Entrance Activity: • Draw the following food chain in your notebook, then label the organisms as producers, or consumers. If they are consumers, what type of consumers are they? • Also… have out your packets from yesterday.

  23. III. Feeding Relationships KC: Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction, from the Sun or inorganic compounds, to Autotrophs, and then to Heterotrophs. • Think about in terms of “who-eats-who”….

  24. What is energy??

  25. Food chains • A series of steps in which transfer of energy happens by eating and being eaten.

  26. Food chain vs. Food Web • Which one is more inclusive? • Which gives a more accurate picture of what is really happening? • They link multiple food chains together.

  27. c) Trophic Levels • Each step in a Food Chain, or Food Web, is considered a Trophic Level. • As energy is passed up each level… Only 10% of the energy is handed up to the next level!!!

  28. ON YOUR CAPTURE SHEET… Label each thing as autotroph or heterotroph Label each living thing with producer or consumer Label each consumer with the type of consumer it is.

  29. Friday, September 26th 2014 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • Same as yesterday, you do not need to rewrite it. • Entrance Activity: • In the picture below… • 1) Name the producers. • 2) Name the primary consumers • 3) Name the secondary consumers • YOU NEED YOUR BOOK!!!!!!!!!

  30. With your grid… • 1. Lightly shade in each of the 100 boxes in the grid labeled producer. How many units of energy are available to the producer? • 2. Shade in the top row of boxes in the first-level consumer grid. How many units of energy are available to this organism? • 3. Shade in only 1 box in the second-level consumer grid. How many units of energy are available to this organism? • 4. Shade in one box in the inset diagram in the third-level consumer grid. How many units of energy are available to this organism?

  31. Pyramids of energy • Show the amount of energy available at each trophic level

  32. Pyramid of Biomass • Amount of living matter available at each trophic level

  33. Pyramid of Numbers • Shows the number of individuals

  34. Monday, September 29th, 2014 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • By the end of today I should be able to… • Explain the complex energy relationships within an ecosystem. • Entrance Activity: • Please have out your notebook and a set of coloring utensils. • What is the difference between a pyramid of numbers and a pyramid of biomass?

  35. Procedure • 1. Go to Lowe’s and grab one bag of each of the 3 types of fertilizer: P enriched, N enriched, and p and n enriched • 2. Get 4 of the same size pots • 3. Place the same amounts of the three different fertilizers in the first 3 pots 4. Place the same amount of dirt in all 4 pots • Place 25 grams of grass seed in each pot. • Water each pot with .5 Liters of water everyday for 3 weeks. • Every 3 days, measure the length of the longest blade of grass for each pot • Record data into a table • Repeat steps 1-8 2 more times for more accurate results • Use whichever fertilizer produces the longest grass.

  36. Silently… in your notebook, write out your answer to the following questions:1. What is the difference between a pyramid of biomass and a pyramid of numbers?2. What unit would you use for each one?

  37. Pyramid of Biomass • Amount of living matter available at each trophic level

  38. Pyramid of Numbers • Shows the number of individuals

  39. Untamed Science

  40. Tuesday, September 30th, 2014 • ___________________________________________ • Daily Objective: • By the end of today I should be able to… • Explain how changes in one level of an ecosystem affects other factors in the ecosystem. • Entrance Activity: • Please grab a chapter mystery from the stool on your way in the door. Read through the directions and environmental report. After reading it… DON’T ANSWER THE QUESTIONS, instead, try to summarize what the report has said.

  41. LAKE WASHINGTON

  42. EXAMPLES are sooooo….. HOT!! Higher Order Thinkin!!

  43. Pg. 79, the cycle of matter…

  44. Changing of matter (biogeochemical processes) Biological: Any activities performed by living organisms LIKE…EXAMPLES

  45. Changing of matter (biogeochemical processes) • Geological Processes: • Matter movement above or below the earth by geologic forces: • Volcanoes, rock formation

  46. Changing of matter (biogeochemical processes) • Chemical and Physical Processes • Clouds, rain, flowing water, lightning

  47. Changing of matter (biogeochemical processes) • Human Activity: • Mining and burning of fossil fuels, clearing of land, burning of forests, use of fertilizer

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