Another school year-what for?

1. Another school year-what for? Lesson One

2. Any similarities among them?

3. Warm-up • The world’s most successful dropouts Michael Dell: started a computer company called PCs Limited while attending the University of Texas at Austin. He dropped out of school to operate it.

4. Stanley Ho • left college to run business. Known as “The King of Gambling,” Ho is responsible for almost 1/3 of Macau’s GDP.

5. Steve Jobs •  attended college for just one semester.He’s the founder and CEO of Apple Inc. He became Disney’s largest shareholder after selling it Pixar. Fortune has described Jobs as America’s most powerful businessman.

6. Similarities: dropouts & millionaires

7. Warm-up questions • Is it worthwhile to spend 4 years in the university? • What can we expect of a college? • What does a college or university mean to me? Attending university or college lets you experience a rich cultural and social scene and meet a variety of people, while studying something you love.

8. What does a college or university mean to me? • a better paid job • a greater choice of job • higher future earning

9. A question relevant to the text • What is the purpose of school education Another school year-what for?

10. Text Appreciation 1. pre-class work 2. theme & structure 3. new words

11. Theme Text Analysis The author tries to clarify the purpose of a university: to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.

12. Structure Text Analysis The writer describes his encounter with one of his students. Part 1 (Paras. 1— ): Part 2 (Paras. ): 8 The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university: putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created. 9—14

13. Detailed analysis for part I

14. I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City(Para 1). to have just come from a particular place, to have just had a particular experience, e.g. students fresh from law school Paraphrase I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.

15. Part of the student body was a beanpole with hair on top who came into my class, sat down, folded his arms, and looked at me as if to say “All right, teach me something.” one of the students; the student body means all the students of the university. a pole farmers use as a support for beans in vegetable gardens. Here means a tall thin person. “as if” can be followed by clause, infinitive, adjective and participle Why does the author describe him in this way? The sentence tells us what an unfavorable impression the student left on the author the first day he came to class. Also, his manners irritated the author: instead of listening attentively and taking notes, he behaved as if he had paid to watch a show and was waiting to be entertained. figure of speech?

16. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hand on his hips. “Look,” he said, “I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?” Cultural Notes • In American universities, an instructor has office hours during which students taking the course can go and ask questions or discuss term papers with him/her. • College students in the United States are required to take a number of courses in areas other than their major. That was why the pharmacy major took a literature course. More to learn

17. Three weeks later he came into my office with his hand on his hips. “Look,” he said, “I came here to be a pharmacist. Why do I have to read this stuff?” This shows that the student wasn’t carrying anything, and what’s more, this young man came to challenge his instructor, like a customer questioning the goods or service they have bought.

18. New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things (Para 2). subjunctive mood “As” is used after adjective or adverb to introduce a clause of concession. Here means Though I was new… The author referred to the student as a specimen in a humorous way, meaning he was typical of those students who came to a university just to get training for a career, as if he were typical of a certain species of animal. More to learn about “as”

19. Example about “as” Translate 我虽然还小，可是对要从事的职业已胸有成竹。 Key Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. Translate 尽管我很喜欢你，但在这件事情上我不能帮你。 Key Much as I like you, I can not help you with this matter. About “faculty”

20. faculty n. — a. any of the powers of the body or mind b. department or group of related departments in a university c. the whole teaching staff in one of the departments or in the whole university • Examples • the faculty of sight; mental faculties • the Faculty of Law • The entire faculty of the university will attendthe meeting. Comparison: faculty, body, staff?

21. Staff: the people who work for an organization, esp at school or business 全体职工/雇员 Examples the hotel staff a staff of ten Body: group of people who work together to do a particular job or who are together for a particular purpose Examples governing body: a body that controls the work or activities of an organization student body: all the students in a particular school or college

22. enroll (sb. in sth. )v. (or enrol) — become or make sb. a member of sth. enrollment n. — a. enrolling or being enrolled; b. number of people enrolled. • Examples • Parents unwillingly enrolled the child in kindergarten. • This school has an enrollment of 800 pupils. Translate 他报名参加了一个两个月的托福课程。 Key He is enrolled in a two-month course for TOEFL. More to learn

23. I could have pointed out that he has enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course he meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science(Para 2). reach for sth.: to try to obtain sth. mean to do sth.: to intend to do sth. read Bachelor of Science: to have Bachelor of Science written on the certificate. paraphrase I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B. S. at a university.

24. certify (sb / sth. as sth) v. (certifieda.) —to state that something is correct or true, esp after some kind of test certificationn. — the act of certifying, or the state of being certified. • Examples • The accused has been certified as insane. • He certified that it was his wife’s handwriting. • CPA

25. specialize in — to concentrate on a particular activity or product . • Examples • The shop specializes in mountain-climbing gear.

26. expose (sth.) to sth. / be exposed to sth. —allow to be subjected to an action or an influence • Examples • The parents exposed their children to classical music at home.

27. generate v. — to produce or create sth. • Examples • to generate electricity / heat / power / interest / hatred / prejudice / idea Translate They have a large body of young people who are capable of generating new ideas. Key 他们有一大批的善于提出新思想（点子）的年轻人。 More to learn

28. It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history (Para 2). paraphrase The B. S. certificate would be official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy, but it would also be proof that he /she had learned about some profound ideas of the past.

29. That is to say, he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in university students enroll for both training and education. the meaning of education in a broad sense, education involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills, but also that of improving the mind. What is the difference between training and education, according to the writer? Training is preparation for a job, or a career, such as the training in a certain skill. Education, on the other hand, is learning to develop one’s mental and moral powers.

30. I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter. to be present in a place; to be available. matter to sb. : to be important or have an important effect on sb. / sth. “it” refers to… The first is an introductory “it” while the second refers to “whether I told him all this”. paraphrase I didn’t actually say all this to him, because I didn’t think he would stay at college very long, so it wouldn’t be important whether or not he knew what university education was for.

31. Nevertheless, I was young and I had a high sense of duty and I tried to put it this way. put it (adverb phrase): to express, to state. e.g., put it simply, put in another way, how to put it. in spite of that, however

32. put — to express something using words in a particular way 说，表达 (used esp with a following adv or in questions after how) put something well/cleverly I think her arguments were cleverly put as sb put it: used to repeat what someone else has said to put it bluntly: used to tell someone that you are going to say exactly what you think to put it mildly: used to say that a situation is actually worse than the way you are describing to put it strongly: ? How can I put it: used when what you’re going to say might sound unpleasant or impolite To put it another/this/that way

33. Put 往轻了说。我们正处困境。往重了说，我们就面临危险了。 Translation we are, to put it mildly, in a mess. To put it strongly, we are in danger 坦率的说，罗伯特这人不能胜任这份工作 Translation to put it bluntly, Robert’s just not good enough for the job.

34. average (sth.) out (at / to sth. ) — result in an average of sth.; to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower Examples Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day. Translate 税务局算出他5年的平均利润为每年3000英镑。 Key The tax authorities averaged his profit out at 3000 pounds a year over 5 years.

35. assume v. — a. to take for granted; to suppose （assume sb. to be) b. to take upon oneself, to undertake the duties of an office c. to put on or display (sth) falsely; pretend • Examples • assume office; assume responsibilities. assume ignorance, indifference, an air of concern Translate 尚未证实他有罪，就得假定他是清白的。 Key We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.

36. You will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin, that the bull doesn’t jump the fence, or that your client doesn’t go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence. see to it (that): to make sure that. as a result of : because of go to the electric chair: to be punished by being killed in the electric chair. paraphrase You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If you’re a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldn’t get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client. More to practice

37. the bull jumping the fence

38. Electric chair

39. Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. Noun clause, used as predicative along with: in addition to sb. / sth; in the same way as sb. / sth. paraphrase In addition to all other things these professions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family—wife and children.

40. suffice for sb. / suffice to do sth. v. — be enough for sb. /sth., be adequate. Examples One warning sufficedto stop her doing it. Fifty dollars will suffice for my needs. Word formation —a. sufficient n. sufficiency More to learn

41. do sb. with sb. / sth. — (in question with “what”) to take action with regard to • Examples • They do not know what to do with all the garbage here. Translate 我们宴会上剩下的食物怎么办啊？ Key What are you going to do with the food left over from the party?

42. Will the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? be exposed to: to be given experience of it. ideas that requires the ability of understanding clearly and deeply paraphrase Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home?

43. preside over sth. — be head or director of sth.; control or be responsible for sth. to be in charge of a meeting or a formal meal Translate 市政委员会由市长领导。 Key The city council is presided over by the mayor. Translate 现任领导对公司利润的急剧下降负有责任。 Key The present director has presided over a rapid decline in the firm’s profit. More to learn

45. Will you be presiding over a family that maintain some contact with the great democratic intellect? to keep in touch with the ability to understand things and think intelligently 智力，理解能力 the great democratic thinking paraphrase Will you be head of a family who brings up kids in a democratic spirit?

46. to be out to do sth. / for sth. — to be trying to get or do sth. • Examples • The company is out to break into the European market. • Look out for such end-of-year sales. These shops are out to trick you into buying what you don’t need.

47. have no business doing sth. / to do sth. — to have no right to do sth., shouldn’t have been / be doing sth. • Examples • You have no business criticizing her about her make-up.

48. You are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal. on the/ one’s way to: in the process of expepriencing. new type of human who are intellectually simple and can only work machines Push-button:??? paraphrase You will soon become an uneducated, ignorant person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment who doesn’t know anything about literature, music, and fine arts, culture, etc. More to learn on push-button

49. push-button • (only before n) • a) operated by pressing a button with your finger 按钮式的，用按钮操作的 a push-button switch • b) using computers or electronic equipment push-button warfare the push-button piloting of a ship

50. push-button: compouding pushcart: a large flat container like a box with wheels, used esp by people who sell goods in the street push-chair: a small folding seat on wheels, in which a baby sits and is is pushed along pushover: sb easy to persuade, influence or defeat (+for: a ~ for blondes) push-up: an exercise in which you lie on the floor on your front push yourself up with your arms (press-up) (尤指街头小贩的)手推车 折叠式手推婴儿车 易被劝服，影响，击败的人 俯卧撑