Bologna and the origins of University Wednesday 6/25, 9 a.m. – 11 a.m.

1. From Bologna to the Blogosphere. A History of Written Correspondence’ Summer School June 23rd - July 4th, 2014 Bologna and the origins of University Wednesday 6/25, 9 a.m. – 11 a.m. Francesca Roversi Monaco

2. Docta suas secum duxit Bononia leges Docta Bononia venit et hoc cum legibus una (1119-1127) Docta Bononia came with its laws

4. 529-534 – CORPUS IURIS CIVILISEmperor Justinian IRavenna, San Vitale Basilica

5. 11th century The urban societies required juridical models which had to frame the new political, social and economic relationships indeed, since those connections were rebuilding the arrangement of the city and its own connections with the territory.

6. 1072-1105 Pepo clarum Bononiensium lumen (Pepus, famous bolognese light) Irnerius lucerna iuris (Irnerius light of the law)

7. Matilda of Tuscany

8. Burcardo di Biberach, Chronicle (1177-1230) • According to Burcardo, Irnerius would have been the author of a renovation of the legal books for the asking (petitio) of Matilda of Tuscany. • Petitio: exhortation to rebuild the librilegales from a philological point of view. • From the beginning of 12th century the Bolognese magistri have been considered the depositaries of the Roman law in the eyes of the world. • So it was confirmed the existence of a private school of Roman jurisprudence between the end of the 11thand the beginning of the 12thcenturies.

9. Bulgarus & Imelda Rem non novam neque insolita adgredimur Let’s deal with something that is not new nor unusual

10. GratianusConcordia discordantiumCanonum(1148-1160 ca)

11. Authentica Habita – 1155 – Frederick I Barbarossa

12. AUTHENTICA HABITA • Immunity from the exercise of the right of reprisal. • Immunities and freedoms similar to the ones of the clergy. • Possibility for students of being judged optionally by their own teachers or from the ecclesiastical court of their own bishop. • Right to the peregrination academica, which was the freedom of establishing in every university for reasons of study.

13. CLERICI VAGANTES

14. Lifetime in Bologna 12th-14th centuries

15. 13 th Century – Magister and scholari

16. STUDENT ORGANIZATION • 12-14 thcenturies • 12 thcentury CONSORTIA→ associationsamongstudents • COMITIVAassociationamong professor and hisstudents • 1180 NATIONES → studentswhobelonged to the sameregion • 13 thcentury UNIVERSITATES → association of foreignstudentscrossing the Nationes • UNIVERSITAS CITRAMONTANORUM → Nationes of those who were born further on from the Alps • UNIVERSITAS ULTRAMONTANORUM →Nationes beyond the Alps

17. Natio Germanica Bononiae German Natio in Bologna (1497)

18. Tentamen →private oral exam between the candidate and a doctor he had chosen. • Privatum examen → in the vestry of the Cathedral the academy board chose a passage that the student would have discussed. At the end of the examination the candidate was licentiatus in iure. • Publicum examen o conventus → in the cathedral after the preaching and the discussion; the archdeacon gave the ring, the toga and the hat to the candidate, who in this way had become a doctor iuris; the ceremony was followed by celebrations, drinks and songs.

19. 14th CENTURY • 1316 UNIVERSITATES OF MEDICINES AND ARTS • 1346 FACULTY OF THEOLOGY • 1364 COLLEGIO DI SPAGNA

20. STUDIUM FUIT BONONIE

22. CorradoRicci Giosue Carducci Giovanni Capellini 1886 Cesare Albicini

23. 1888

25. June 12th 1888 Courtyard of the Archiginnasio VIII Centenary Alma Mater Studiorum

27. Piazza Maggiore, September 18 th 1988

28. I The University is an autonomous institution at the heart of societies differently organised because of goegraphical and historical heritage; it produces, examines, appraises and hands down culture by research and teaching. To meet the needs of the world around it, its research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power.