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Beowulf

Beowulf. Background Notes. The Greeks The Iliad & The Odyssey 15,000 lines 720-680 BC Athens Greek. The Anglo-Saxons Beowulf 3200 lines 700-750 Northumbria (NE) Old English. Beowulf and the Epic Tradition.

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Beowulf

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  1. Beowulf Background Notes

  2. The Greeks • The Iliad & The Odyssey • 15,000 lines • 720-680 BC • Athens • Greek The Anglo-Saxons • Beowulf • 3200 lines • 700-750 • Northumbria (NE) • Old English Beowulf and the Epic Tradition

  3. Beowulf is part of the oral tradition, passed down by mouth, with changes and embellishments, from one minstrel (bard/scop) to another. • The story was familiar to the audiences who crowded around the harpist-bards in the communal halls at night. The Epic Tradition

  4. Mead Hall

  5. An epic is • a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society. • a quest story on a grand scale. • mixture of myth, legend, folklore, and history. • serious in tone and grand in it’s language. The Epic Tradition

  6. Beowulf, whose name may mean “bear,” is a Geat from Sweden who crosses the sea to Denmark in a quest to rescue King Hrothgar from the demonic monster Grendel. • Story Elements • dream/legend (Celtic and Scandinavian) • monsters • god-fashioned weapons • descents to the underworld • fights with dragons • the hero’s quest • a community threatened by evil Beowulf Storyline

  7. Christian elements in Beowulf exist side-by-side with pagan elements. • In all likelihood, the story, passed down many generations from bard to bard, was ultimately written down in manuscript form by a monk who knew the story’s tradition. • The only manuscript we have of Beowulf dates back to the year 1000 and is in the British Museum in London. • Burned and stained, it was discovered in the 18th century, surviving Henry VIII’s destruction of the monasteries 200 years earlier. Christian vs Pagan

  8. has superior physical strength. • is supremely ethical. • during his quest, must defeat monsters that embody dark destructive powers. • at the end of his quest, is glorified by the people he has saved. The Epic Hero

  9. Beowulf: Geat, son of Edgetho and nephew of Higlac, king of the Geats. Higlac is both Beowulf’s feudal lord and his uncle. • Brecca: chief of the Brondings, a tribe, and Beowulf’s friend • Grendel: man-eating monster who lives at the bottom of a foul mere, or mountain lake. His name might be related to the Old Norse grindill, meaning “storm,” or grenja, “to bellow.” Characters

  10. Herot: golden mead-hall built by King Hrothgar, the Danish ruler. It was decorated with the antlers of stags; the name means “hart [stag] hall.” • Hrothgar: king of the Danes, builder of Herot. He had once befriended Beowulf’s father. His father was called Healfdane (“half Dane”). Hrothgar’s name might mean “glory spear” or “spear of triumph.” Characters

  11. Unferth: one of Hrothgar’s courtiers, reputed to be a skilled warrior. His sword, Hrunting, is used by Beowulf in a later battle. • Welthow: Hrothgar’s wife, queen of the Danes. • Wiglaf: a Geat warrior, one of Beowulf’s select band, and the only one to help him in his final fight with the dragon. Wiglaf might be related to Beowulf. Characters

  12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y13cES7MMd8 Beowulf Read in Old English

  13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJ_N3XH3ntI Beowulf The Movie

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