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Ecology Two

Ecology Two. Community Interactions. Habitat - place where organism lives Niche - role and position a species has in its needs for food and shelter all interactions with living and non-living parts of its environment Only one organism can occupy a niche in an ecosystem

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Ecology Two

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  1. EcologyTwo

  2. Community Interactions Habitat- place where organism lives Niche- role and position a species has in its needs for food and shelter • all interactions with living and non-living parts of its environment • Only one organism can occupy a niche in an ecosystem • Example: a predator feeding on weak or sick animals in an ecosystem

  3. Habitat vs niche • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2L6N2diE8jc&feature=related

  4. Nutrition and Energy Flow • The ultimate source of energy is… theSUN!

  5. Nutrition and Energy Flow • Food Chains- shows how matter and energy flow from autotroph to heterotroph to decomposer Autotroph/Producers use sun’s energy to create chemical compounds (photosynthesis) Ex. – plants and algae Carnivores/ 2nd and 3rd Order Consumers- feed on other animals Herbivores/1st Order Consumers- feeds on plants Heterotrophs/Consumers- organisms that feed on other organisms

  6. Nutrition and Energy Flow • Decomposers- break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms • Ex.- fungi and bacteria

  7. Food chain • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyszfWU1C2E&feature=related

  8. Nutrition and Energy Flow • Food Webs- all possible feeding relationships in a community

  9. Food Web • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KyefVtxY-oI&NR=1

  10. Nutrition and Energy Flow • Trophic Levels- a feeding step in a food chain • only pass on approximately 10% of energy to next trophic level

  11. Nutrition and Energy Flow

  12. Trophic level • http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_710147&feature=iv&src_vid=qtZcN4bzsrA&v=qUZkWZ12A8s

  13. Parts of the ecosystem • Abiotic factors- non-living parts of the environment Ex.- air temp.,water, light, soil • Biotic factors- all living organisms that inhabit an environment

  14. Abiotic and abiotic factors • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woSO0D94VGA • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y-wpbhnom70&feature=fvsr

  15. Nutrition and Energy Flow • Energy flows through an ecosystem, cannot be recycled • Matter (Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen) cycles in an ecosystem

  16. Cycles in an Ecosystem Carbon Cycle

  17. Cycles in an Ecosystem Water Cycle

  18. Changes in an Ecosystem • What would a football field look like in thirty years if it was not cared for or played on? ?

  19. Changes in an Ecosystem • Succession- orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem

  20. Primary Succession • colonization of a new site from rock; can occur after volcano eruption Lichen & Mosses ferns grasses & shrubs  pines hardwoods

  21. Begins with: Pioneer plants- first organisms to inhabit an area Ex. Moss and lichen Ends with: Climax community- remains stable over long periods of time with little or no change Succession

  22. Secondary Succession • sequences of changes that take place after a community is disrupted by natural or human actions. • Ex.- abandoned building, fire, hurricane

  23. Succession Links Mount St Helen’s http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaRAGzjSkzo&feature=related Student project succession http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=vNHnwHaSolA&feature=fvwp Succession Song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rzE6BNNLew0

  24. Biomes of the World • Biome- a large group of ecosystems that share the same type of climax community • Tundra • Taiga • Temperate forest • Tropical Rainforest • Grasslands • Desert

  25. Terrestrial Biomes Sample Climatograph • 3 factors that influence type of biome • Latitude • Altitude • precipitation } Influences temperature

  26. Tundra • Permafrost -soil remains permanently frozen • Long winters and darkness, Short summers • Low temperatures • Very little rainfall • Plants- fast life cycles • Animals-thick fur

  27. Taiga • Foggy, wet climate, acidic soil • Plants- large coniferous forest (firs, pines) • Flexible branches of conifers to bend with ice and snow • Animals- Moose, elk, wolves , caribou, porcupines, black bear

  28. Temperate Forest • has definite seasons • mixture of trees (pines and hardwoods-deciduous trees) • Plants- shed leaves in winter • Animals- Deer, opossum, black bear, fox, squirrel, many bird species and insects

  29. Tropical Rainforest • At equator • almost constant temperature of 25 oC • most rain fall • very humid • greatest biodiversity • Soil is nutrient poor • Plants- large variety, adapted to grow tall to find light, vines, canopy • Animals-Toucans, monkeys, gorilla, snakes, lizards, parrots

  30. Grasslands • steppe, plains, savanna, or prairie • Uneven rainfall • Plants- Scattered trees, grass varies in length • Animals-Bison, antelope, gophers, jackrabbits, sheep • African savanna- lion, tiger, elephant, cheetah, zebra, antelope

  31. Desert • low rainfall • long droughts • Plant • shallow root systems– absorb little rainfall quickly • leaves are needles to prevent water loss • Cuticle- waxy coating on needles (leaves) • Cacti • Animals- small, active at night to prevent dehydration • lizards, kangaroo rat, scorpions, snakes

  32. Biome links • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuejxJttBqo&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=dTaWsFct32g&NR=1

  33. PLANT RESPONSES & ADAPTATIONS: • Tropism: Plant’s response to its environment • Geotropism- Response to gravity; roots down, stems up • Phototropism- Response to light; sunflower “heads” turning toward sun • Thigmotropism- Response to touch; vine climbing trellis • Hydrotropism- the way a plant grows in response to water

  34. http://leavingbio.net/plant%20responses.htm#tropisms

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