Cause/Effect: Immigration Restrictions – p. 482-484

1. Cause/Effect: Immigration Restrictions – p. 482-484 Cause/Effect: Red Scare – p.473-474 Cause/Effect: Changing role of women – p. 484-486 Cause/Effect: Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial p. 486-487 Cause/Effect: Prohibition – p.487-488 Cause/Effect: Racism -483 (bubble or brace map) Explain: Icons– p. 494-495 (bubble or brace map) Explain: Pop Culture – p. 494-495 (bubble or brace map) Color Blue Color Green

2. Cause/Effect: Immigration Restrictions – p. 482-484 Cause/Effect: Red Scare – p.473-474 Cause/Effect: Changing role of women – p. 484-486 Cause/Effect: Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial p. 486-487 Cause/Effect: Prohibition – p.487-488 Explain : Art & Literature – p. 492-494 (bubble or brace map) Explain: Pop Culture – p. 494-495 (bubble or brace map) Color Green

3. 1. Cause/Effect: Immigration Restrictions – p. 482-484 2. Cause/Effect: Red Scare – p.473-474 3. Cause/Effect: Changing role of women – p. 484-486 4. Cause/Effect: Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial - p. 486-487 5. Cause/Effect: Prohibition – p.487-488 6. Explain : Art & Literature – p. 492-494 (bubble or brace map) 7. Explain: Pop Culture – p. 494-495 (bubble or brace map) Effect Effect Effect cause Red Scare

4. 1. Cause/Effect: Immigration Restrictions – p. 482-484 2. Cause/Effect: Red Scare – p.473-474 3. Cause/Effect: Changing role of women – p. 484-486 4. Cause/Effect: Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial - p. 486-487 5. Cause/Effect: Prohibition – p.487-488 6. Explain : Racism – p.483 (bubble or brace map) 7. Explain: Pop Culture – p. 494-495 (bubble or brace map) Effect Effect Effect cause Red Scare

5. *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of Immigration Restrictions. Immigration Restrictions p. 482-484 1. What triggered the general rise in racism/nativism? 2. Why did the arrival of millions of immigrants threaten stability & order? 3. Explain the Sacco & Vanzetti Case: 4. What is an anarchist? 5. What is eugenics & how did it lend itself to supporting racism? 6. Who was at the forefront of immigration restriction? 7. Why did their membership flourish in the early 1920s? 8. How did the U.S. Government try to “Keep America American”? 9. What did the Emergency Quota Act establish? 10. What did the National Origins Act of 1924 do? 11. Why were natives of the Western Hemisphere exempt from the National Origins Act? 12. Explain the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 (separate reading)

6. Red Scare p.473-474 1. Why did the U.S. fear Communists? What is communism? 2. What did Americans blame Communists for? 3. What was the Red Scare? 4. What led to the Palmer Raids? 5. What were the Palmer Raids? 6. Were Palmer’s agents fair? Why or Why not? 7. How id the Red Scare lead to limited immigration? *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of The Red Scare. *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of the Red Scare

7. Changing role of women p. 484-486 1. What is new morality? 2. How did “new morality” change the idea of relationships? 3. Why did women join the work force and how did they use the work force as “new morality”? 4. How did cars play a role in new morality? 5. What are characteristics of a flapper? 6. Were most women of the time flappers? 7. Explain the beginnings of Planned Parenthood and its founder: *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of the Changing Role of Women. *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of the Changing Role of Women

8. Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial p. 486-487 What did fundamentalists want/believe? What did Fundamentalists reject? What was Charles Darwin’s theory? What is creationism? What did the Butler Act do? Who is John T. Scopes & what did he volunteer for? What resulted from this? Who represented creationists? Who defended Scopes? What was the result of the trial? *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of the Scopes Trial

9. Prohibition p.487-488 Why did people support prohibition? What was the Volstead Act? Why was enforcing Prohibition difficult? What were speakeasies? Who ran speakeasies? Why was smuggling alcohol a lucrative business? Who was Al Capone? What is he known for? What did the 21st amendment do? What year was it ratified? *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of Prohibition

10. Icons p.487-488 (check index) Why are each of the following people considered ICONS of the 1020s? Clarence Darrow William Jennings Bryan Henry Ford Glenn Curtiss Marcus Garvey Charles Lindbergh Al Capone Edward Hopper F. Scott Fitzgerald *Explain/Illustrate the Icons of the 1920s.

11. Pop Culture p. 494-495 Why where People in the 1920s devoted to making their lives more enjoyable? Identify Babe Ruth: Pick 2 other athletes and explain their significance: Why did theaters hire piano players? Explain the significance of The Jazz Singer and the year it came out: Explain the significance of mass media and give examples of what mass media is: *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of Pop Culture

12. Racism p. 482-484 Why where people prejudice against Germans and Communists? (Remember WW) 2. What did U.S. return to feeling of Nativism? 3. Who are Sacco and Vanzetti? 4. Explain the Sacco-Vanzetti Case: How Did Pseudo Science effect Nativism? How did the fact that Woodrow Wilson and Henry Cabot Lodge embraced Eugenics effect immigration? 7. What organization was the forefront of immigration restrictions? 8. Explain the Emergency Quota Act and the National Origins Act and the reason it was passed. 9. Explain the influx of Mexicans into the United States in the 1920s. *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of Racism

13. Immigration Restrictions p. 482-484 1. What triggered the general rise in racism/nativism? Fear and Prejudice we felt toward Germans & Communists 2. Why did the arrival of millions of immigrants threaten stability & order? People feared they would take the few jobs that were available. (our boys were home from war & needed jobs) 3. Explain the Sacco & Vanzetti Case: April 15, 1920 2 men shot & killed 2 employees at a shoe co. in Massachusetts & took 15,000 dollars. Nicola Sacco (shoemaker) & Bartolomeo Vanzetti (fish peddler) arrested. They were anarchists (oppose all forms of govt.) Sacco owned gun similar to one used. Found guilty even though no one knew if they were but they did know they were Italian immigrants & anarchists. in 1927 they were executed. They never admitted and claimed innocence til their death 4. What is an anarchist? People who oppose all forms of govt. 5. What is eugenics & how did it lend itself to supporting racism? A pseudo-science (false science) that deals w/ improving hereditary traits. Emphasized that human inequalities were inherited & warned against breeding the “unfit” or “inferior”. Woodrow Wilson supported this and by doing so lent authority to racists theories. 6. Who was at the forefront of immigration restriction? KKK 7. Why did their membership flourish in the early 1920s? Public Relation workers were hired; sales people were paid to promote the klan 8. How did the U.S. Government try to “Keep America American”? Initiated laws like the Emergency Quota Act 9. What did the Emergency Quota Act establish? A temporary quota system, limiting immigration. Only 3% of a ethnic group already in the U.S. according to the 1910 census could be admitted in a single year 10. What did the National Origins Act of 1924 do? Made immigrant restriction a permanent policy. Tightened the quota system setting quota at 2 percent of each national group. Later in 1929, set quota at 150,000. 11. Why were natives of the Western Hemisphere exempt from the National Origins Act? Demand for cheap farm labor 12. Explain the American Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the United States.

14. Red Scare p.473-474 1. Why did the U.S. fear Communists? Afraid that Communists were conspiring to start a revolution; When Communists dropped out of WWI it was like they were helping the Germans, we associated communism with being unpatriotic & disloyal. 2. What did Americans blame Communists for? Importing radical socialist & Communist ideas ; Labor unrest & violence 3. What was the Red Scare? As strikes erupted in the U.S in 1919; fear that Communists or “reds” might seize power led to panic….Red Scare. 4. What led to the Palmer Raids? April 1919 postal service intercepted 30 parcels addressed to leading business people & politicians that were triggered to explode when opened. In june 8 bombs in 8 cities exploded within minutes (possible nation-wide conspiracy) One of them damaged home of U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer 5. What were the Palmer Raids? Established a special division within Justice Dept., The General Intelligence Division (headed by Hoover) (became the FBI). Palmer organized a series of raids on the headquarters of various radical organizations. No evidence pointed to a single group as the bomber…but Palmers agents focused on foreign residents & immigrants The authorities detained thousands of suspects & deported nearly 600. 6. Were Palmer’s agents fair? Why or Why not? Disregarded civil liberties…entered homes/offices without warrants. People were mistreated & jailed/not allowed to talk to lawyers. 7. How id the Red Scar lead to limited immigration? People associated radicalism with immigrants and pressured congress to limit immigration

15. Changing role of women p. 484-486 1. What is new morality? Challenged traditional ways of thinking; glorified youth & personal freedom 2. How did “new morality” change the idea of relationships? Promoted loving families, personal satisfaction, emotional aspects of marriage grew in importance, ideas of romance, pleasure & friendship. 3. Why did women join the work force and how did they use the work force as “new morality”? Women held jobs simply b/c they needed wages; work was a way to break away from parental authority & establish a personal identity; allowed women to participate in consumer culture. 4. How did cars play a role in new morality? Allowed independence; could escape eye of parents; could seek new forms of entertainment & find privacy 5. What are characteristics of a flapper? Young, dramatic, stylish, & unconventional….smoked cigarettes, drank prohibited liquor, & dressed in “revealing” attire. 6. Were most women of the time flappers? no 7. Explain the beginnings of Planned Parenthood and its founder Margaret Sanger believed that the standard of living could be improved if families limited the number of children they had….founded the American Birth Control League in 1921. That organization became Planned Parenthood.

16. Fundamentalism & Scopes Trial p. 486-487 What did fundamentalists want? To reassert the authority of the Bible & focus on defending the Protestant Faith What did Fundamentalists reject? What was Charles Darwin’s theory? Rejected theory of evolution that said humans developed from lower forms of life over millions of years What is creationism? Belief that God created the world as described in the Bible What did the Butler Act do? Outlawed teaching that denied the story of Divine Creation as taught in the bible. Who is John T. Scopes & what did he volunteer for? What resulted from this? American Civil Liberties Union asked Scopes, a biology teacher, to teach the theory of evolution knowing he would be arrested. He was arrested and put on trial. Who represented creationists? William Jennings Bryan 3 time Democratic presidential candidate was the prosecutor Who defended Scopes? Clarence Darrow, one of the most celebrated trial layers What was the result of the trial? Scopes found guilty & fined $100 (but overturned later on technicality).

17. Prohibition p.487-488 Why did people support prohibition? Thought it would help reduce unemployment, domestic violence, & poverty What was the Volstead Act? It tried to enforce prohibition; enforcement became the responsibility of the U.S. Treasury Dept. Why was enforcing Prohibition difficult? People ignored the laws, went to speakeasies What were speakeasies? Secret bars Who ran speakeasies? Organized crime members Why was smuggling alcohol a lucrative business? Consumption by millions created a billion-dollar industry Who was Al Capone? What is he known for? Violent gangster; dominated organized crime in Chicago where he ran boot-legging & some drugs What did the 21st amendment do? What year was it ratified? Repealed the 18th amendment…ratified 1933

18. Art & Literature p. 492-494 • What were artists searching for in the 20s? Searched for meaning in the emerging challenges of the modern world • Why did artists flock to Greenwich Village and the South Side? The lifestyle these neighborhoods offered….artistic, unconventional/bohemian • How did European art influence modern American art? Expressing individual experiences, bold & colorful, geometric forms, cubism • Identify Edward Hopper painter; realism in haunting scenes; conveyed isolation • Identify F. Scott Fitzgerald: most famous writer of the era, created colorful, glamorous characters who chased futile dreams (Great Gatsby-superficiality of modern society) • Pick 3 writers and explain their significance Carl Sandburg – common speech to glorify Midwest & nature of American life; Edna St. Vincent Millay – women’s freedom & equality, praised life intensely lived ; Eugene O’Neil – playwright, modern themes, realistic characters; Ernest Hemingway- direct, simple, concise, did NOT glorify war, characters/ heros with flaws

19. Pop Culture p. 494-495 Why where People in the 1920s devoted to making their lives more enjoyable? Had more leisure time & more spending money Identify Babe Ruth: baseball star, national hero, hit hundreds of home runs Pick 2 other athletes and explain their significance: Jack Dempsey: boxer, world heavyweight champion, 1919-1926. (people were so interested in his trying to win back the title in 1927 $90,000 worth of radios were sold 2 weeks before the event) Red Grange: college football player, fast & evaded members of opposing teams. Bobby Jones, golfer of the decade, first golfer wo win U.S. Open & British Open in the same year. Bill Tilden & Helen Wills dominated world tennis. Gertrude Ederle: shattered records by swimming the English channel in a little over 14 hours. Why did theaters hire piano players? Technology had now made sound possible…so piano players provided music during the film while subtitles revealed the plot. Explain the significance of The Jazz Singer and the year it came out: 1927 it was the first “talking” picture Explain the significance of mass media: people took interest beyond their narrow focus and it unified the nation. It spread new ideas & attitudes of the time

20. Art & Literature p. 492-494 What were artists searching for in the 20s? Why did artists flock to Greenwich Village and the South Side? How did European art influence modern American art? Identify Edward Hopper: Identify F.ScottFitzgerald: Pick 3 writers and explain their significance: *Explain/Illustrate the cause & effect relationship of art & literature