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Naming Compounds

Naming Compounds. What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii). Background: valences and formulas. We can determine the formula of a compound by completing Lewis diagrams or via “valence”

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Naming Compounds

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  1. Naming Compounds What's in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet." - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii)

  2. Background: valences and formulas • We can determine the formula of a compound by completing Lewis diagrams or via “valence” • Valence is “the number of electrons an atom must gain, lose, or share to complete its octet” • For representative elements valence starts at 1 (IA), climbs to 4 (IVA) and falls back to 1 (VIIA) • By knowing the valence of elements you can determine the formula of compounds • E.g. what compound would form from C + S? Step 1 - write valences: C4S2 Step 2 - cross down valences: C2S4 AlBr3 K2S ZnO Mg3N2 CCl4 CuO or Cu2O Step 3 - simplify formula: CS2 a) Al,Br b) K,S c) Zn,O d) Mg,N e) C,Cl f) Cu,O

  3. Ionic compounds (metal with 1 valence) Rules for naming • Names end in -ide. Example: sodium chloride • Metal (+ve ion) comes 1st (not chorine sodide) • Use the group valence for nonmetals • Do not capitalize unless starting a sentence Give formulae & name: Ca + I, O + Mg, Na + S = Ca2I1 = CaI2 = calcium iodide = Mg2O2 = MgO = magnesium oxide = Na1S2 = Na2S = sodium sulfide

  4. Multiple valence: IUPAC naming • Name ends in -ide, positive/metal comes first • The valence of the metal is indicated in brackets using roman numerals • E.g. Cu1 is copper(I), Cu2 is copper(II) • Numbers refer to valences not to #s of atoms • Try: Cu2+Cl, Zn2 + Cl, Co2+Cl, Hg+S (do both) Cu2+Cl = Cu2Cl1 = CuCl2 = copper(II) chloride Zn2+Cl = Zn2Cl1 = ZnCl2 = zinc chloride Co2+Cl = Co2Cl1 = CoCl2 = cobalt(II) chloride Hg+S = Hg1S2 = Hg2S = mercury(I) sulfide Hg+S = Hg2S2 = HgS = mercury(II) sulfide

  5. So far we have given valences to single atoms • Li + O Compounds containing polyatomic ions Li1O2 Li2O • Groups of atoms can also have valences • “Polyatomic ions” are groups of atoms that interact as a single unit. For valence see p95. • E.g.OH1,(SO4)2. Ba3(PO4)2 = barium phosphate • Naming compounds with polyatomic ions is similar to naming other ionic compounds • Youshouldnotethatcompoundswithpolyatomic ions have names ending in -ate or -ite not -ide • Note that most are negative, except ammonium • Name: Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NH4NO3, Co2(CO3)3

  6. Compounds containing polyatomic ions Ca(OH)2 CuSO4 NH4NO3 Co2(CO3)3 - calcium hydroxide - copper(II) sulfate - ammonium nitrate - cobalt(III) carbonate

  7. Naming covalent compounds • prefixrefersto#ofatoms-notvalence • N2O4 = dinitrogen tetroxide • Exception:dropmonoforfirstelement • CO2 = carbon dioxide • The first vowel is often dropped to avoid the combination of “ao” or “oo”. • CO=carbonmonoxide(monooxide) • -ide ending, each element has “prefix” P4O10= tetraphosphorus decoxide SO2= sulfur dioxide (doxide) • Name: CCl4, P2O3,IF7

  8. Write and name the following covalent compounds (IUPAC) carbon tetrachloride diphosporus trioxide iodine heptafluoride CCl4 P2O3 IF7 For more lessons, visit www.chalkbored.com

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