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Naming Compounds

Naming Compounds. What's in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet." - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii). e –. 1). 2). Na. Na +. Cl. Cl –. Cl –. Na +. Ionic bonding. Ionic bonding involves 3 steps

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Naming Compounds

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  1. Naming Compounds What's in a name? That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet." - William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet (II, ii)

  2. e– 1) 2) Na Na+ Cl Cl– Cl– Na+ Ionic bonding Ionic bonding involves 3 steps • 1) loss of an electron(s) by one element, • 2) gain of electron(s) by a second element, • 3) attraction between positive and negative 3)

  3. Ions Since ions are formed as a results of the movement of electrons, ionic compounds will conduct electricity when in solution

  4. Covalent bonding If two atoms have approximately the same pull on electrons, they share the electrons (forming a “covalent” bond)

  5. Rules for namingIonic compounds MONATOMIC IONS (single atom ions) • Metal ions form positive ions : CATIONS • Metal (+ ion) comes 1st Names • Identified simply by the elements name • Negative ions : ANIONS • Drop the ending and replace with -ide. Example: sodium chloride • Do not capitalized unless starting a sentence

  6. Binary Compounds (compounds composed of two elements) • Total number of positive charges and negative charges must be equal • Use valence electrons to balance name of cation name of anion • Example: magnesium bromide Mg2+ Br1- need 2 Br1- MgBr2

  7. Some metals form 2 or more cations with different charges • As before, positive metal comes first • The charge (valence) of the metal is indicated in brackets using roman numerals • the anion ends in –ide • e.g. Fe2+is iron(II) Fe3+ is iron(III)

  8. Polyatomic Ions • Groups of atoms can also have valences • “Polyatomic ions” are groups of atoms that interact as a single unit • e.g.OH1-,(SO4)2-, Ba3(PO4)2 = barium phosphate • Naming compounds with polyatomic ions is similar to naming other ionic compounds • Youshouldnotethatcompoundswithpolyatomic ions have names ending in -ate or -itenot -ide • Note that most are negative, except ammonium • Name: Ca(OH)2, CuSO4, NH4NO3, Co2(CO3)3

  9. Compounds containing polyatomic ions Ca(OH)2 CuSO4 NH4NO3 Co2(CO3)3 - calcium hydroxide - copper(II) sulfate - ammonium nitrate - cobalt(III) carbonate

  10. Practice namingIonic compounds Give formulae & name: Ca + I, O + Mg, Na + S = Ca2I1 = CaI2 = calcium iodide = Mg2O2 = MgO = magnesium oxide = Na1S2 = Na2S = sodium sulfide

  11. Naming covalent compounds • prefixrefersto#ofatoms-notvalence • N2O4 = dinitrogentetroxide • Exception:dropmonoforfirstelement • CO2 = carbon dioxide • The first vowel is often dropped to avoid the combination of “ao” or “oo”. • CO=carbonmonoxide(monooxide) • -ide ending, each element has “prefix” P4O10= tetraphosphorus decoxide SO2= sulfur dioxide (doxide) • Name: CCl4, P2O3,IF7

  12. Write and name the following covalent compounds carbon tetrachloride diphosporus trioxide iodine heptafluoride CCl4 P2O3 IF7

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