REFERENCE TO NATURE

1. REFERENCE TO NATURE • Is there anyone not distinguishing and separately developing the specificity of a type of system? In most cases, one does! However, one has a very important duty to do by linking such type of system develop- ment together with its being distinctly referenced to natural phenomena. What and where are survival principles? Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

2. A NEBULOUS WORLD The multiplicity of the word "system" in use: • Number of definitions: between 25 and 30 • Synonyms: method, process, procedure, mean • Domains: ideas, classifications, structure, assemblage, set of organs, organization of societies, device, operating system, expert system, system of units, systems thinking… Disciplines: Administration, Computer systems, Economy, Laws, Linguistic, Philosophy, Techniques, Politics, Networking, Geography, Meteorology, Mathematics.... Anatomy, Medicine,Physiology, Chemistry... Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

3. THE 60's SYSTEMS SCIENCE A - an organization as an open system: • Open systems' thermodynamic:entropy, probability and equilibrium, interactivity • Cybernetics:behaviorprocesses regulation and commands, feedback and information control, • Organization corpus:wholeness, domination, hierarchy… The 60's was the time when the "Gestalt principle" was meant so to perceive an organization pattern. Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

4. THE 60's SYSTEMS SCIENCE B - An organism as a cybernetic machine • Biodynamic process of the metabolism: homeostasis, constraints and stimulus-responses, • Mathematical formulation of life's phenomena: non-linear equations for physiological functions, • Interactions: kinetics, thermodynamics, organic... • Equilibrium: open systems qualifications, adaptation, dynamics, catabolism-anabolism • Feedback: cellular metabolism moves, regulations & allometry of growth. A synthesis of so many works Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

5. A THEORY IS… An attempt to draw general conclusions (termed the nomothetic approach) as a plausible or scientifically acceptable general principle or a body of postulated principles and it is to explain specific phenomena. A theory is most of the time linked to the notion of a constant value parameter. • The word "Nomothetic" means: relating to, involving, or dealing with abstract, general, or universal statements or laws. A theory is a set of concepts, lawsand theorems related to some relatively few scientific domains. Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

6. A DRIVE(R) IS… Creature'ssurvival dynamics are expressed in terms of the psychology of motivated needs and within adapted behaviors. • For a living individual, a drive(r) is pressing orforcing a course, or a direction", into an activity, usually fitted towards an instant-t survival move. The degree to which motivation processes are innate (genetically programmed) versus acquired (learned); they can be described in terms of each species genetic structure and basically acquired culture, as according to their natural niche context. Above are meta-drives(rs) Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

7. PERMANENT CHANGES Cascades of changes within endogenous and exogenous metabolism status oscillate with and against the pressure of entropy. • Living conditions are permanently changing, at any natural or built ecosystemic niche level. Species individuals and groups have specific survival drivers for adopting strategies requiring constant adaptation with endogenous and exogenous dynamics, and their emergent move results. Mathematical modeling of such results ends to no rules, no laws nor to an abstract constant because ofchanges: it hasa"non-nomothetic" status Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

8. SYSTEMICITY "Systemicity" is the set of retroactive dynamical moves that "meta-drivers" are processing, thus sustaining a given survival time of natural or artificial objects. • Time is a much differential truth Systemicity induces an object to exist at the levels of a galaxy, the planet Earth and the living creatures as to survive. Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

9. A GENERAL PRINCIPLE Uniqueness Individual expression The Whole The Whole milieu Behaviors Survival managementcentre Vesicule filter Milieu networks Multiple feedback Stimuli Dual ecosystemicenvironments Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

10. DYNAMICS SYSTEMICITY Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

11. SURVIVAL DYNAMICS • Though survival principles are common to all creatures, their properties depend upon emergent results from interrelations with the outside world and their aptitudes managing internal needs. An organism's individual survival dynamics status is specified by: • the species or type considered, • the personality of the individual, • the degree of its survival abilities, Survival dynamics are "the meta-drives" of all behaviors... Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

12. A SURVIVAL DRIVE • A being's survival drive is first a need in its primal state and is also a drive in the psycho-physiological form of its motivations. In psychology, a drive is an urgent basic need. pressing for its satisfaction. Usually rooted in some physiological tension, deficiency, or imbalance (e.g., hunger and thirst), it impels the organism to expressing a behavior. Retroactive effects are feeding the dynamic balance of an entity in its integrity wholeness as required for survival Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996

13. SYSTEMS & RESULTS • Processes or mechanisms called "systems" issued from human inventions, even though sometimes inspired from some natural proprieties, specificities, characters or means (e.g.: a driving servosystem) are they phenomena to possibly be described in form of theories? • Emergent results and new proprieties are events and phenomena that qualify a set of processing means. Can they be theorized as for example in "Systems' science" itself? Emerged results from systemicity or mechanism outputs? ..... Jean-Jacques BLANC – "The Bioethism" 1996