How to reference successfully

1. How to reference successfully

2. Why reference? • Avoid accusations of plagiarism – reference all ideas you use • Traceability - ensure someone else can find your sources • Good referencing is a basic academic requisite • Demonstrate that you have read widely

3. Plagiarism • “Failure to correctly identify and acknowledge reference material can be classed as plagiarism and unfair practice”. (Swansea University Business School student handbook, 2012, p.2). • “use of any quotation(s) from the published or unpublished work of other persons which have not been clearly identified as such by being placed in quotation marks and acknowledged” • “summarising another person's ideas, judgements, figures, software or diagrams without reference to that person in the text and the source in the bibliography” • “use of unacknowledged material downloaded from the Internet” (Definition of unfair practice Swansea University, 2012)

4. Help is always available! • Come and see us in the Library • buslib@swansea.ac.uk • 01792 295697 Images courtesy of: h.Koppdelaney, .sarahwynne. & Liminal Mike On Flickr, used under CC licence

5. APA 6th There are many styles of referencing available, however the style for the College of Business and Economics is APA 6th An Author-Date style similar to Harvard

6. What do you find difficult about referencing? Go this address, double click on the screen and write a few examples of what you found difficult in previous assignments when referencing. http://padlet.com/wall/sureferencing

7. Three steps to successful referencing • Step 1 – Follow the APA guidelines • Available on Blackboard http://bit.ly/buslibrary • Also available on the APA Style website http://www.apastyle.org

8. Three steps to successful referencing • Step 2 – Pay attention to detail (punctuation & formatting). • Every comma, full stop and use of italics is used for a specific reason. You can’t change the way it looks. • Stick to the style and be consistent. • The reference list should be double spaced and indented on all lines except first.

9. Three steps to successful referencing • Step 3 – Take good notes • Think about what details you will need from the source in order to reference correctly (different formats require different details). • How are you keeping track of the sources you are using? Are you using any software to help?

10. Reference management software This will store and format references for you • EndNote / EndNote Web (Swansea Uni sub) • Mendeley (free) • Zotero (free) • Word reference tab But you still need to check it carefully!

11. APA Referencing Example Main text of your work will look like this: The official manual for the APA style is published by the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2001). There is one copy on one week loan and another permanently available in the Study Hall. There are also other texts we recommend – an easy guide (Schwartz, Landrum, & Gurung, 2012) and a more general work on referencing by Palgrave (Pears & Shields, 2010). Bibliography American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Pears, R., & Shields, G. J. (2010). Cite them right : the essential referencing guide. (8th ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Schwartz, B. M., Landrum, R. E., & Gurung, R. A. R. (2012). An easyguide to APA style. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.

12. Common queries In-text citations – formatting a quotation Make sure you include the authors name, year of publication and the page number. • Sheehan (2011) states that “understanding that there are different strategies for promoting productive employee behaviour is important”. (p.99). • ……..“understanding that there are different strategies for promoting productive employee behaviour is important”. (Sheehan, 2011, p.99).

13. Common queries Long Quotes If the quotation is 40 words or more then do not use quotation marks, but indent the quotation by half an inch on the left margin. • Careful consideration of method is needed with data collection as it ... is a practical activity, one that has to be carried out with time, spatial and resource constraints. It is therefore important to consider how valid social research data can be collected effectively and efficiently within those constraints. The history of social research has included the development of a range of research ‘tools’ to help social researchers to organise and manage the task of data collection. (Matthews & Ross, 2010, p.181).

14. Common queries In-text citations – formatting a paraphrase or summary Provide the author and date of publication. • ....current brand users will remember advertisements more than non brand users (Romaniuk & Wight , 2009).  • Romaniuk and Wight (2009) reported that current brand users will remember advertisements more than non brand users.

15. Common queries In-text citations - Two or more works Provide the author and year of publication. If the citation includes two or more works, you need to order them in the same way they appear in the reference list. • Campaign testing is recommended before an on-line viral marketing campaign is launched (Lindgreen & Vanhamme, 2005; Spencer & Giles, 2000).

16. Common queries Books with more than 3-5 authors – In text citation • First time cited: ...........(Oliver, Sapey, & Thomas, 2012) • Subsequent citations: ........(Oliver et al., 2012) or Oliver et al., (2012). In reference list - You must include all the authors Oliver, M., Sapey, B., & Thomas, P. (2012). Social work with disabled people. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

17. Common queries In-text citations – Works with Six or more authors • If there are 6 or more authors, then you can use “et al.” from the outset. • Smith et al. (2006) found that…. • (Smith et al., 2006) If there are eight or more authors... • Watson, S., Gunasekara, G., Gedye, M., van Roy, Y., Ross, M., Longdin, L., ... Brown, L. (2009). Law of business organisations (5th ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Palatine Press.

18. Common queries Secondary referencing Whenever possible you should use the original work. If this is not feasible, you must make clear that you have not read the original by referring to the work in which you found the reference. In the reference list only include details of the work that you read. In-text citation • Kleinman (1996) cited in Cunningham-Burley (1998) has argued... or • It is the non-professional arena that illness is first defined (Kleinman, 1996, cited in Cunningham-Burley, 1998)

19. Common queries In text citations – Organizations / Corporate authors When citing an organization, mention the organization in full the first time. Subsequent mentions can be a recognised abbreviation of it , without the date if there is no confusion. • The guide produced by the American Psychological Association (APA, 2010) • The APA guide stated that...

20. Example Reference section Malhotra, N. K., & Birks, D. F. (2007). Marketing research: an applied approach (3rd. ed.). Harlow:FT Prentice Hall. Mintel. (2011). Coffee shops – UK -  February 2011.Mintel Oxygen Retrieved November, 2011, from Mintel International http://academic.mintel.com/ Palmer, A., & Koenig-Lewis, N. (2011). The effects of pre-enrolment emotions and peer group interaction on students’ satisfaction. Journal of Marketing Management,27 (11/12), 1208-1213. doi: 10.1080/0267257X.2011.614955

21. Tweets, blogs and other weird stuff(use with caution!) Check out the APA blog at- http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/references/

22. Class exercise http://bit.ly/buslibrary

23. Help is always available! • Come and see us in the Library • buslib@swansea.ac.uk • 01792 295697 Images courtesy of: h.Koppdelaney, .sarahwynne. & Liminal Mike On Flickr, used under CC licence