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Odile Huchette, research engineer Christèle Bellamy, research technician

G&H February 2003, Liverpool WP3 / cultivation, P4 P4 : persons involved. Odile Huchette, research engineer Christèle Bellamy, research technician Didier Perrin and Eric Vade, research assistants. Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the alliin content of garlic bulbs.

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Odile Huchette, research engineer Christèle Bellamy, research technician

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  1. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 P4 : persons involved • Odile Huchette, research engineer • Christèle Bellamy, research technician • Didier Perrin and Eric Vade, research assistants Influence of environmental and genetic factors on the alliin content of garlic bulbs COOPD'OR R&D

  2. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4

  3. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Year 3 : what was done • Greenhouse experiment in various S regimes (P4) • Sampling of fresh material during the cultivation treatment for CSO analysis ( P5) • Freeze drying of samples (P4) for total sulfur analysis (P2) • Micro-propagation of 4 genotypes for new experiments in vitro (P4) • Experiment III (October 2002 => April 2003) : Differential display of clones exposed in vitro to various light conditions (intensity + quality) and S nutrition treatments(0 S in macro-nutrients, normal and excess) • Experiment IV (January 2003 => July 2003) : Differential display of clones exposed in vitro to various mineral nutrition treatments(S combined with N) COOPD'OR R&D

  4. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Greenhouse conditions 2001 PRI Greenhouse conditions 2002 Plantation in boxes with washed river sand Mineral nutrition with drop irrigation

  5. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Greenhouse experiment 2001 COOPD'OR R&D

  6. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Greenhouse experiment 2002  3 varieties : PRI, MOR, MES  3 Sulphur nutritiontreatments: 0 (in the macro-elements) = Treatment S- 2 meq (normal) = Treatment TS 8 meq = Treament S++ • Weekly observations :Growing of the leaves and bulbs • Measurements at harvest : -Weight of the bulbs - alliin content (P5) - total sulfur (P2) in progress COOPD'OR R&D

  7. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 No differences during the growing season between the 3 treatments 01/03 : Plantation 17/06 : Harvest of MES 10-11/07 : Harvest of MOR 16-17/07 : Harvest of PRI Bulb growing = diameter of the bulb / diameter of the neck

  8. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Results at harvest  influence of the variety  no significative influence of the S treatment, except for MES COOPD'OR R&D

  9. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Conclusion of greenhouse experiments • Alliin contents in bulbs are 3 to 4 times higher in 2002 compared to 2001 • Printanor appeared in 2002 as the richest variety in alliin, contrary to the previous results • Garlic plants are not affected by an absence of sulfur in the macro-nutrients • absorption of S atmospheric to be confirmed in vitro in 2003 • Garlic plants are not significatively affected by the sulfur nutrition alone, except for one variety tested • influence of the nitrogen to be confirmed in vitro and in greenhouse in 2003 COOPD'OR R&D

  10. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 In vitro experiments 2001/02 • 4 genotypes exposed to various environmental factors... • quality of the light • sucrose concentration of the medium • temperature • cold induction period • ... and various mineral nutritions • sulfur COOPD'OR R&D

  11. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Main results of in vitro experiments • Among all the conditions tested, the better to induce more alliin in garlic bulbs : • Sucrose in the medium : 60g/l [0 - 60 - 120 g/l tested] • Cold induction period (2 to 3 months) • Environmental factor : F+i light • Sulphur in the medium : 6 Meq SO3 [0 - 3 - 6 meq tested] • To be confirmed in 2003 : • Influence of the intensity of the light • Effect of higher dosis of sulphur (9 meq) • Effect of nitrogen combined to sulphur • Role of S atmospheric COOPD'OR R&D

  12. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Year 4 : what is planed COOPD'OR R&D

  13. 3 varieties : PRI + MES +MORl Gradient in SO4 0 3 9 (in macro-elements) meq 3 mediums (S- TS S++) 22-24°C - P = 16 hrs - F 1 month Cold induction 3°C - P = 10 hrs - F 2 months 22-24°C – P=16 hrs F 950 lux 22-24°C – P=16 hrs F+i - 950 lux 22-24°C – P=16 hrs F 2000 lux G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 In vitro experiment III-2003 • Effect of various light conditions (intensity + quality) and S nutrition

  14. varieties : PRI + MES + MORl + MORd Gradient in SO4 and nitrogen SO4 0 3 9 meq (in macro-elements) Nitrogen N 3N N 2N 3N N/2 N 2N 3N 9 medias 9 22-24°C - P = 16 hrs - F 1 month Cold induction 2 months 3°C - P = 10 hrs - F 22-24°C – P=16 hrs F+i - 950 lux G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 In vitro experiment IV -2003 • Effect of S nutrition combined to N nutrition

  15. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 In vitro experiments 2003  Observations : - stage of the plant (1= growing / 2=beginning of bulbification / 3=maturation / 4=mature bulb) - number of green leaves - height of the leaves  Measurements at harvest : -weight, size and observation of the bulbs - height of the leaves - alliin content (P5) COOPD'OR R&D

  16. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 In vitro experiment III-2003 Observation of the 03 February PRI F - 22-24°C P = 16h S- TS S++ COOPD'OR R&D

  17. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Greenhouse experiment 2003 (I) Effect of N combined to an excess of S (II) Cloves from experiment 2002 • Measurements : • growing of the leaves (I-II) and bulbs (I) • weight and CSO content of the bulbs (P5) at harvest (I-II) • 3 varieties and 3 treatments : • S++ N = excess of sulfur, N • S++ 2N = excess of sulfur, 2xN • S++ 3N = excess of sulfur, 3xN COOPD'OR R&D

  18. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 Effect of virus contamination on AlCSOs in garlic bulbs COOPD'OR R&D

  19. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4Deliverables P4 • DP 2 Chinese garlic powder to be analysed • DP 6 Garlic powder issued from various S-fertilisation in field condition • DP 14 Chemical distinction between garlic accessions when cultivated in various sulphur nutrition regimes and under distinct temperatures in vitro • DP 15 Physiological (growth traits) and chemical distinction (CSO) between accessions when cultivated in various sulphur nutrition regimes over two years • DP 19 Chemical distinction (CSO) between accessions when cultivated in various sulphur (greenhouse) and mineral nutrition regimes (in vitro) • DP 22 Paper on the interaction genotype x environment on the sulphur content of garlic plants grown in vitro , in greenhouse and in field conditions • DP 30 Paper on the effect of combined sulphur, nitrogen and selenium nutrition on garlic growth, flavour precursor content and on biological potential of garlic for disease prevention • DP 34  Chemical distinction (CSO) between garlic accessions when cultivated in various sulphur regimes (greenhouse) and mineral nutrition regimes (in vitro)

  20. G&H February 2003, LiverpoolWP3 / cultivation, P4 garlic powder available from the experiment 2002 in greenhouse 2 varieties :Morasol, Printanor 3 treatments : • S- : no sulphur in the macro-nutrients • TS : 2 meq S in the fertilising solution • S++ : 8 meq S in the fertilising solution COOPD'OR R&D

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