How to control human pressure on protected areas

1. How to control human pressureon protected areas Water Safety Plan Conf. Univ. Dr. Mihaela Vasilescu

2. Background • Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Health Synthesis, represents an attempt to describe the complex links between the preservation of healthy and biodiversityity of natural ecosystems and human health. WHO Report, 2005

3. Background • BONN 2001 - initiative of the international water industry • Goal: to provide good safe drinking water that has the trust of consumers– safe, acceptable, reliable. • WHOsimultaneously – Water Safety Plans • Hazard identification, Risk assessment, Risk management from source to tap • Proactive management to provide safe water.

4. What is a DWSP? • Way to ensure safe water supply by: • Knowing the system thoroughly • Identifying where and how problems could arise • Putting in barriers and management systems to stop the problems before they happen • Making sure all parts of the system work properly.

5. Why do we need to change? • Measurement of final product is retrospective; tells you after you have a problem. • Microbiological methods based on indicators with small infrequent samples in relation to total amount supplied. • Need to prevent things going wrong!

6. DWSP • For each water supply chain documentation of: • The system • Hazard identification • Risk assessment • Risk management • Control measures (monitoring) and action when out of control.

7. Role of Environmental Agencies • To support the policy of introducing WSPs • To provide support to WSPs in terms of identifying catchment’s risks • To provide support to WSPs for managing catchment’s risks • To understand the processes involved in developing WSPs.

8. Role of Water Supplier • To take into account catchment's risks • To map the system • To prepare a water safety plan that identifies and manages the risks form intake (reservoir) to point enters building. • To ensure documented management and monitoring systems are in place.

9. Role of Health Authority • To work with water supplier on identifying risks to health. • Audit of water supply. • Investigation of waterborne outbreaks. • Help provide guidance to householders and building managers to maintain safety in buildings. • Cover small supplies.

10. What will DWSPs do for Romania • Identify • Situations where risk of failure to meet standards • Situations where risk to public health. • Enable Romania to • Prioritise remedial action starting in the catchment's • Reduce risk of failure and risk to public health • Enhance good operating practice • Reduce risk of incidents and emergencies.

11. Preparing a DWSP – source

12. Preparing a DWSP- treatment

13. Preparing a DWSP – distribution

14. Preparing a DWSP – consumers’tap

15. DWSP - small supplies I. Type of Facility DUG WELL WITH HANDPUMP /WINDLASS 1. General Information: Zone, Location 2. Code Number 3. Date of Visit 4. Water sample taken? …….. Sample No. ……… FC/100ml .... II Specific Diagnostic Information for Assessment Risk 1. Is there a latrine within 10m of the well? Y/N 2. Is the nearest latrine uphill of the well? Y/N 3. Is there any other source of pollution within 10m of well? Y/N (e.g. animal breeding, cultivation, roads, industry etc) 4. Is the drainage faulty allowing ponding within 2m of the well? Y/N 5. Is the drainage channel cracked, broken or need cleaning? Y/N 6. Is the fence missing or faulty? Y/N 7. Is the cement less than 1m in radius around the top of the well? Y/N 8. Does spilt water collect in the apron area? Y/N 9. Are there cracks in the cement floor? Y/N 10. Is the hand pump loose at the point of attachment to well head? Y/N 11. Is the well-cover insanity? Y/N Total Score of Risks …./11 Risk score: 9-11 = Very high; 6-8 = High; 3-5 = Medium; 0-3 = Low III Results and Recommendations: The following important points of risk were noted: (list no. 1-11) Signature of Health Inspector/Assistant: Comments:

16. Water Safety Plan • Organizers • WECF • MEDIUM ET SANITAS – SLOBOZIA • CU CLS I-VIII - COSERENI

17. Preparation – photo documentation

18. WSP - Cosereni

19. WSP – Source quality

20. WSP – Source quality

21. Specific Elements: • Lectures for children and their mothers regarding Water Safety Plan (WSP) for wells and small water supplies located in rural areas. • Public debate regarding WSP in the commune of Cosereni, Ialomita county.

22. What do we want to do: • Create an educational model for holiday training, to be replicated in all Ialomita county, through the cooperation of Medium et Sanitas Slobozia, Cosereni School, county Inspectorate for Education and county Authority of Public Health. • Developing projects in partnership – Medium &Sanitas Slobozia and local authorities, to help reducing water pollution in order to protec water resource.

23. Analysis of the questionnaires – citizens’ answers • Water source they use – most of people states they are using private wells, and some of them use public wells. • The volume of water used daily - is in the range 10 – 110L. • The distance between the house hold and water source - 10m for most of them. • More than ½ among the interviewed people think that they have enough water. • Approximately ½ of the citizens fetch water 5 times a day, and then another part fetch water 2 times a day. • 60% of the people think that the water is of good quality.

24. Citizens’ answers - continuation • Most people are not aware of the causes affecting the quality of drinking water. • ½ of the interviewed people use bottled water. • 90% do not treat (filter) or boil the drinking water. • Drinking water is stored in buckets and bottles. • All the people answered that the DW storage recipient is covered. • 70% of people keep the DW storage recipient in the kitchen, and the rest outside. • 40% of people thinks that is impossible to get ill because of DW. • The wishes regarding DW – public supply network, well maintained, and covering all the households.

25. Analysis of the questionnaires - GPs • GPs thinks they can not judge what is the quality of DW. • The main problem yielding to health problem is interruptions in water supply. • GPs are not informed about the results of the laboratory analysis regarding village’s water sources. • GPs advise people to boil water before using it. • There is no case of water related disease. • There is no case of blue baby disease, typhoid fever and tuberculosis in the last 3 years. • 2 GPs out of 3 think that there are tyroid diseases in the village but they can not identify the cause.

26. Analysis of the questionnaires – local authorities • The budget is insufficient for operation and maintenance of a DW supply system. • The consumer pays an annual tax for DW. • DW quality is monitored quarterly. • The citizens have access to the results of water analysis. • The oldest well is of 30 years, and the newest is of 2 years. • The wells are inspected and cleaned quarterly. • The pipes are of 10-30 years old and are done by PVC. • There are plans regarding the improvement of water supply – rural development projects – EU budget (FDAR) – approval in progress. • Most important issue – approval of FDAR investment project.

27. http://www.wecf.eu/download/2008/08-10-10wspmanualro10_2008.pdfhttp://www.wecf.eu/download/2008/08-10-10wspmanualro10_2008.pdf