Chapters 1 & 18

1. Chapters 1 & 18 Modern Physics

2. Einstein’s Equation • Einstein’s formula is E = mc2 • Three significance’s of Einstein’s formula: • Conservation of mass and energy • Conversion of mass into energy • Mass can be created from energy • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27ttAy74EZM

3. Standard Model All matter is composed of ______ and _______. ________ are the fundamental particles of the Standard Model. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3l_h8t_uAnE&feature=related ________ are unstable and consist of one quark and one anti-quark. ________ are formed by three quarks. The most common examples of baryons are _______ and ______.

4. Standard Model Baryons and mesons are called ____________. Leptons include ___________. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPWeJFs5xjc&feature=related The charge of a proton is _________. The charge of a neutron is _________. The charge of an electron is ________.

5. Standard Model determine the charge of the three quark combinations The net charge of uts is: ______________ The net charge of sbc is: ______________ The net charge of ucb is: ______________

6. Fundamental Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNsYsdezpfs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9kqOPCQVHw&feature=related _______ is the force between charges and the magnetic force. The magnetic and electric forces are manifestations of an exchange force involving the exchange of _______. It is a force of _______ range, which obeys the inverse square law. The force can be ______________ or repulsive.

7. Fundamental Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BsEYpzJlcQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uYz_kQ7UkY8&feature=related _______ is the weakest of the four fundamental forces, yet it is the dominant force in the universe. The force is always ________ joining the centers of mass of the two masses and it is a force of _______ range.

8. Fundamental Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41-LdIFvC9I&feature=related _______ involves the exchange of the W and the Z particles. Its role in the interaction of _______ makes it involved in many _______ of nuclear particles. This force is responsible for the ______ of the Sun and the conversion of the neutrons to ______ in the nuclei. This force acts over a ________range.

9. Fundamental Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUkf2cIrb_w&feature=related _____ can hold a nucleus together against enormous forces of _______ of the protons. It is over a very ________ range and is the _______ of the four fundamental forces.

10. Fundamental Forces http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldyRllVk2rE Write the four fundamental forces in order from strongest to weakest.

11. Fermi Questions A Fermi question requires _____ of physical quantities to arrive at an answer. It challenges the student to ask more ______, not just provide “an answer.” Fermi used a process of “zeroing in” on problems by saying that the value in question was certainly _____ than one number and _______ than some other amount. He would proceed through a problem in that fashion and, in the end, have a quantified answer within identified ______.

12. Modern Physics • Light exhibits the characteristics of ________ and _______. • _______, ________, and ________ are explained only on the basis of wave theory. • The _______ _________ is explained only on the basis of the particle theory. • ________ are electrons that are responsive to light.

13. Modern Physics • The photoelectric effect is the emission of photoelectrons from an object when a certain __________ radiation strikes it. • The minimum frequency below which no photoelectrons will be emitted is called the ________ frequency. • The energy needed to reach the threshold frequency is the _________ function. • _______ are discrete packets that are emitted or absorbed and move at the _______ of light.

14. Modern Physics • The lowest possible energy level is the _____ ______. • The ____ ______ is the minimum energy necessary to remove an electron from the ground state to infinity. • A hydrogen atom in the ground state requires a photon of 10.2 eV to be ______ and the electron will jump to the n=2 energy level. • If a photon of 10.0 eV or 10.5 eV hits a hydrogen electron, the photon will either ___ ___ or ____ _____.

15. Modern Physics • Light exhibits the characteristics of wavesand particles. • Interference, polarization, and diffractionare explained only on the basis of wave theory. • The photoelectric effectis explained only on the basis of the particle theory. • Photoelectronsare electrons that are responsive to light.

16. Modern Physics • The photoelectric effect is the emission of photoelectrons from an object when a certain electromagneticradiation strikes it. • The minimum frequency below which no photoelectrons will be emitted is called the thresholdfrequency. • The energy needed to reach the threshold frequency is the workfunction. • Photonsare discrete packets that are emitted or absorbed and move at the speedof light.

17. Modern Physics • The lowest possible energy level is the ground state. • The ionization energyis the minimum energy necessary to remove an electron from the ground state to infinity. • A hydrogen atom in the ground state requires a photon of 10.2 eV to be absorbedand the electron will jump to the n=2 energy level. • If a photon of 10.0 eV or 10.5 eV hits a hydrogen electron, the photon will either pass through or scatter elastically.