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Essential Guide to Fluid Seals: Selection, Design, and Examples

Understand the fundamentals of fluid seals, factors influencing design, choosing the right seal, material selection, and examples of well and poorly designed seals.

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Essential Guide to Fluid Seals: Selection, Design, and Examples

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  1. SEALS

  2. Outline • Fundamentals • Selecting a Seal • Examples • Questions

  3. Seal Basics • A seal is a part that fits between two mating parts to prevent the passage of fluid between them. • A good fluid seal is made when the forces from two mating parts compress or “squeeze” the material and close fluid passageways. • There are a wide range of materials and shapes in order to fit various applications.

  4. Design Factors • Chemical interactions between seal and fluid. • Temperature range. • Static or Dynamic application. • Applied pressure • Side pressure Example of a well designed O-ring seal.

  5. Examples of Poor Seal Design Leaking seal due to insufficient “squeeze”. Extrusion of seal due to inaccurate dynamic design.

  6. Materials • Materials used vary widely and are based on application. • Common materials are • Rubber • Fabrics • Metals Examples of fiber-based seals

  7. Selection of Seal • After considering design factors, seals are chosen from tables provided by vendors. An example of a material selection table.

  8. Examples of Seals Radial Lip Seals Bearing Seal

  9. Seal geometries Examples of seals used in automobiles.

  10. An Innovation in Seal design • This seal changes shape to conform to the piston’s vertical position.

  11. Cost • Cost for seals depend on size, material, and intended application. • Range from a few cents to several thousand dollars.

  12. Questions:

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