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Photosynthesis

Discover the intricate processes of photosynthesis, from chlorophyll absorption to the Calvin Cycle, including C4 and CAM plant adaptations. Learn about light reactions, electron transport chains, and chemosynthesis in different environments. Explore how plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using light energy. Dive into the mechanisms that power plant growth and generate oxygen. Expand your knowledge of plant biology today!

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis Section 10.2

  2. Leaf structure

  3. Pigments and Sunlight • Chlorophyll reflects green and some blue and yellow light while it absorbs the energy of all other colors of light.

  4. Chemical Equation • In Photosynthesis carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose plus oxygen. • Light Energy • Chloroplast • 6CO2+6H2O --- > C6H12O6 + 6 O2

  5. Light Reactions • Dependent on light to power reactions • Occurs on the thylakoids in the chloroplast • Consists of an Electron Transport Chain and Photolysis • This cycle powers and provides raw materials for the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent Reactions) • H2O +ADP + NADP ATP +NADPH+H+ +O2

  6. Electron Transport Chain • Light striking the chloroplast causes electrons from within the chlorophyll to gain energy and leave the chlorophyll molecule. As these electrons move down the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) they lose energy which is used to make ATP

  7. Photolysis • The chlorophyll now picks up electrons from water molecules. This splits water into hydrogen ions and oxygen gas given off by the plant • Hydrogen ions are picked up by NADPH and Form NADPH+H+ which are then carried to the Calvin Cycle (Light Independent reactions)

  8. Photosynthesis

  9. Calvin Cycle • Take place in the Stroma of the Chloroplasts • Does not require light can occur with or without light

  10. 1: Carbon Fixation • The joining of CO2 with other organic molecules is called carbon fixation. Step 1 • 6 CO2 combine with 6, 5 carbon compounds which are split to form 12 (3-PGA)

  11. 2: Transfer of Energy • 12 ATP and 12 NADPH transfer their energy to the 12 3-PGA to form 12 high energy molecules called G3P

  12. 3: Sugar Production • 2 of the G3P molecules will leave the cycle to form a glucose molecule or another organic molecule.

  13. 4: Rubisco • Rubisco is an enzyme that converts the remaining 10 G3P molecules into 6, 5 carbon molecules called ribulose (RuBP)

  14. C4 Plants • C4 Plants can conserve water loss. • The C4 pathway plants fix CO2 into a four carbon compound in the Calvin cycle instead of a 3 carbon molecule. • This molecule releases CO2 acting as a delivery system • This allows these plants to keep their stomata (plant cell pores) closed on hot days

  15. C4 Plants

  16. CAM Plants • In water conserving plants like cacti CO2 is taken in at night and bonded to an organic substance so it can be used in the Calvin Cycle without having to open their stomata

  17. Chemosynthesis • Process in which an autotroph obtains energy from inorganic compounds instead of Light. • Example deep ocean Hydro-thermal vents supporting life on sulfur and decomposing bacteria

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