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Matter and Energy

Matter and Energy. Chapter 3. Matter. Matter Anything that occupies space and has mass. Mass Measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. (unit – metric grams (g) ) Related to inertia – a tendency of a body at rest to be at rest Weight The effect of gravity on matter.

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Matter and Energy

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  1. Matter and Energy Chapter 3

  2. Matter • Matter • Anything that occupies space and has mass. • Mass • Measure of the amount of matter that an object contains. (unit – metric grams (g) ) • Related to inertia – a tendency of a body at rest to be at rest • Weight • The effect of gravity on matter

  3. Classification of Matter Pure Substance One substance only. Definite Composition. Definite properties. Mixture Two or more substances. Variable composition. Properties depend on composition.

  4. Element Cannot be separated chemically into simpler substances. Aluminum metal

  5. Compound Can be separated chemically into simpler substances.

  6. Separation of Mixtures Chromatography Filtration

  7. Properties of Al • Aluminum (Al) metal cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical reactions. • Oxides of Al occur naturally in gem stones such as rubies and sapphires. • Al is alloyed with copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and other elements to form lightweight materials to be used in construction of aircraft and rockets. • Al ore (or bauxite) is electrolyzed to obtain metallic Al

  8. Elements to know

  9. States of Matter

  10. Physical properties • Characteristics that can be evaluated without changing the composition of the material. • Examples • color - density • odor - melting point • taste - boiling point • feel - compressibility

  11. Chemical Properties • Result in a change in the composition of a material. • Chemical Reaction - how the change occurs. • Example A chemical property of wood is it’s ability to burn - combustion. (Reactants and Products are very different)

  12. Changes • Physical Changes - can be carried out without changing the composition of a substances. • Chemical Changes – are changes that change the composition of a substance.

  13. Which are chemical or physical changes? • Mulching leaves • Milk turning sour • Making wine • Making ice water • Beer going flat • Leaves changing color

  14. Law of Conservation of Mass • In an ordinary chemical reaction, the total mass of reacting substances is equal to the total mass of products formed.

  15. Energy • Energy is the capacity to do work. • Types of energy • Kinetic energy • Potential energy • Thermal energy • Measured in Joules or Calories

  16. Temperature and Heat • Temperature is a measure of average kinetic energy • Heat is a measure of total energy

  17. Temperature Conversions • T(oF) = 1.8 T(oC) + 32 • T(oC) = [T(oF) – 32] / 1.8 • T(K) = T(oC) + 273.16

  18. If I set my thermostat at 72oF, what will the temperature be in Celsius?

  19. A young woman recovered from extreme hypothermia, during which her temperature had dropped to 20.6oC. • What was her temperature on • the Fahrenheit scale • the Kelvin scale

  20. A 4-year-old child has a temperature of 38.7oC. Since high fevers cause convulsions in children, it is recommended that Phenobarbital be given if the temperature exceeds 101.0oF. Should Phenobarbital be given now?

  21. Temperature and Heat • Temperature measures of average kinetic energy • Heat measures of total energy

  22. Specific Heat • the amount of heat required to change the temperature of a substance by a specified amount. • Specific heats • water 1.0 cal/g oC or 4.184 J/g oC • Al 0.216 cal/g oC or 0.902 J/g oC • Cu 0.092 cal/g oC or 0.385 J/g oC • Fe 0.113 cal/g oC or 0.473 J/g oC • Au 0.031 cal/g oC or 0.131 J/g oC

  23. Law of Conservation of Energy • Energy can be neither created nor destroyed.

  24. Law of conservation of Mass and Energy • The sum on mass and energy is conserved.

  25. Energy and Food

  26. How many calories will you get from eating one slice of pizza?

  27. How long must you swim to use up the energy that you get from a piece of pizza?

  28. Does the calories from fat make sense?

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