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Intro to Genetics 4.1-4.2.2

By Chrissy , Matthew, Louise, and Savannah. Intro to Genetics 4.1-4.2.2. Pre-assessment . Define gene and allele.  What does homologous chromosome mean?  What is one thing eukaryote chromosomes are made of?  Define gene mutation.  What is sickle cell anemia?

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Intro to Genetics 4.1-4.2.2

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  1. By Chrissy, Matthew, Louise, and Savannah Intro to Genetics4.1-4.2.2

  2. Pre-assessment • Define gene and allele. •  What does homologous chromosome mean? •  What is one thing eukaryote chromosomes are made of? •  Define gene mutation. •  What is sickle cell anemia? • What is the purpose of meiosis?

  3. 4.1.1 • Eukaryote chromosomes are made of DNA and protein. • This is because chromosomes in a Eukaryote are found in a nucleus. • Chromosomes contain DNA and protein.

  4. 4.1.2 Genes • Definition- a unit of heredity in a living organism • Located in DNA • Controls a specific characteristic (example- eye color) • Occupies a location on the chromosomes called a locus

  5. 4.1.2 Allele • Definition- a specific form of a gene • Differs from other alleles by one or a few bases only • Occupies the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene

  6. 4.1.2 Genome • Definition- the total genetic material of an organism • Cell or organism • Human genome project

  7. 4.2.1 Gene Mutation • Definition- a permanent change in the genetic makeup of an organism • Can affect only one nucleotide or multiples • Occur in two ways • Inherited from a parent • Acquired during a person’s lifetime • Ex. Manx cat

  8. 4.1.4 Sickle Cell Anemia • Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease passed down through heredity that is caused by a base substitution mutation in DNA • Mutation occurs during transcription and translation • Glutamic acid is replaced by Valine • GAG mutates to GTG causing sickly, sickle shaped red blood cells

  9. 4.2.1 Meiosis • Meiosis is a reduction division of a diploid nucleus to form haploid nuclei • The product is 4 identical sex cells • Haploid: Cells used in sexual reproduction. Contain 1 set of chromosomes. • Diploid: Cells used as skin, blood, or muscle cells. Contain 2 sets of chromosomes

  10. 4.2.2 Homologous Chromosomes • Definition- 2 chromosomes, one from each parent, that look the same • Same size • Same banding pattern in a karyotype • Carry the same genes but not necessarily allelles • Ex. 2 chromosomes for eye color that look the same, but one may be brown and the other may be blue

  11. 4.2.2 (cont.) • Chromosomes will pair up and split during meiosis

  12. Activity • Each person will receive a balloon and a slip of paper with a question on it • Take a sharpie and write your question on your balloon • When we begin, pass the balloons around and choose a person to answer a question • If you answer correctly you may pop your balloon. If not we will continue to pass it.

  13. Works Cited • Free Homework Help Videos from Brightstorm - Math, Science, Test Prep - Brightstorm. Web. 10 Feb. 2012. <http://www.brightstorm.com/>.

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