Description of Canada’s Past Population Description of Canada’s Current/Future Population

1. Lecture Overview • Description of Canada’s Past Population • Description of Canada’s Current/Future Population • Definitions of concepts

2. Description of Canada’s Past • Why learn about the history of racialized groups? • Stephan & Stephan 02 • Cultural Circles Exercise • Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?

3. Review and next… • Description of Canada’s Past Population • Description of Canada’s Current Population • Description of Canada’s Future Population

4. Canadian Population in 2006 • 16% of Canadians are VM • VM=non Aboriginal/non Caucasian • Who? • 4% is South Asian • 4% is Chinese • 2.5% is Black 04/2/08 The Daily Statistics Canada: Ethnic origin, visible minorities etc...

5. Canadian Population in 2017 • 19-23% of Canadians will be VM • Why? • Immigration • Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n • Higher fertility of VM • Younger age structure of VM 03/22/05 The Daily Statistics Canada: Canada's visible minority population in 2017

6. Canadian Population in 2017 • Who? • Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next highest is Black • Where? • 75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver, Montreal • More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will live in TO • Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19% will be Arab 03/22/05 The Daily Statistics Canada: Canada's visible minority population in 2017

7. Implications of Forecasts • By VM group • By VM & geographic region • For… • Recruitment • Community Services • Service Industries

8. Review and what’s next • Description of Canada’s Past Population • Description of Canada’s Current & Future Population • Definitions of concepts • Race • Discrimination • Stereotyping • Prejudice

9. What is Race • An old classification system based on • Skin colour • Bodily features • Accent/speech • Name • Clothing/grooming • Diet • Beliefs/practices • Leisure preferences • Place of origin • Citizenship

10. Problems with concept of Race • Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system • Differences within races on important characteristics are greater than those between races • Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof

11. What is not Race? • Difference between race &…. • Gender • Discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping • Other cultural characteristics (e.g., individualism) • Use test of amt of differences between vs. within groups

12. What is discrimination? • Discrimination • When similar or better qualified applicant… • Does not get job applied for • Gets job below qualification • Receives lower pay for same job Krauss in NYT

13. What is discrimination? • Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02) • Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc) • Impose burdens not imposed on others • Withhold or limit access to benefits available to others

14. Examples of Discrimination • Individual • E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings for members of different groups all else being equal • Institutional • Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage members of some groups • Unequal representation in upper & middle layers of administration, economic & media institutions Compare with Brief et al

15. Examples of Discrimination • Societal • Group differences in • Poverty • Imprisonment • Access to employment, housing, healthcare

16. Prejudice Discrimination Stereotype Stephan & Stephan 02

17. What are stereotypes • Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics • E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e. have similar traits) • E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have similar eye size” • Can be positive or negative • Can be true/false of group &/ individual • Implications for functionality Stephan & Stephan 02

18. Examples of Stereotypes • Confusing one member of group for another • Believing them to be similar in personality or behavior • E.g., editors vs. journalists • Assuming characteristics of individual based on group membership • E.g., assuming your are nanny because you are Filipino, • E.g. Assuming non-Whites are not Canadian citizens or were not born in canada Wong’s Globe & Mail

19. What are not stereotypes? • Prejudice • Negative feelings (e.g., dislike) toward someone because of group they belong to • Discrimination • Behavior/outcome Wong in Globe & Mail; Krauss in NYT

20. What are not stereotypes • Culturally valid characteristics • e.g., collectivism • Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism, • Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism • Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured • Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics

21. What is racism/prejudice? • Negative attitudes • Negative evaluations & feelings • E.g., Evaluations: They are bad… • Feelings: I hate.. • Stephan & Stephan 02 • Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions • Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power • Sociologically based

22. Prejudice Negative Feelings Negative Thoughts Negative Associations Stereotypes Positive Associations

23. Today’s learning • A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada • What will be the nature of Canada’s population? • Compare & contrast the concepts of • Race • Stereotyping • Prejudice • Discrimination