Volleyball

1. BRIEF HISTORY Rules of the game Equipments Volleyball Skills Hand Signals Coaching & Strategy

2. On February 9, 1895, in Holyoke Massachusetts (USA), William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director, created a new game called Mintonette as a pastime to be played preferably indoors and by any number of players. • After an observer, Alfred Halstead, noticed the volleying nature of the game at its first exhibition match in 1896, played at the International YMCA Training School the game quickly became known as volleyball (it was originally spelled as two words: "volley ball"). home

3. Important Refinements and Developments • 1900: a special ball was designed for the sport. • 1916: in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced • 1917: the game was changed from 21 to 15 points • In 1919, about 16,000 volleyballs were distributed by the American Expeditionary Forces, to their troops and allies, which sparked the growth of volleyball in new countries. home

4. Rules of the Game • Game play • Errors and faults • Scoring • The play and the players home

5. Game Play • Each team consists of six players. To get play started, a team is chosen to serve by coin toss. • A player from the serving team (generally accepted to have the advantage inplay) throws the ball into the air and attempts to hit the ball so it passes over the net on a course such that it will land in the opposing team's court (the serve). • The opposing team must use a combination of no more than three contacts with the volleyball to return the ball to the opponent's side of the net. • The team with possession of the ball that is trying to attack the ball as described is said to be on offense. • The team on defense attempts to prevent the attacker from directing the ball into their court • The game continues in this manner, rallying back and forth, until the ball touches the court within the boundaries or until an error is made. Back to Rules home

6. Errors and Faults • The ball lands out of the court, in the same court as the team that touched it last, under the net to the opposing team's court, or the ball touches the net "antennas." The ball also may not pass over or outside the antennas even if it lands in the opponents' court. • The ball is touched more than three times before being returned to the other team's court. • The same player touches the ball twice in succession. • A player "lifts" or "carries" the ball (the ball remains in contact with the player's body for too long). • A player touches the net with any part of his or her body or clothing while making a play on the ball (with the exception of the hair). • The players of one team do not manage to touch the ball before the ball lands in their half of the court. Back to Rules home

7. A back-row player spikes the ball while it is completely above the top of the net, unless he or she jumped from behind the attack line (the player is, however, allowed to land in front of the attack line). • A back-row player participates in a completed block of the opposing team's attack (completed means at least one blocker touched the ball). • The libero, a defensive player who can only play in the back row, attempts a block or makes an "attack hit" (defined as any action which directs the ball towards the opponents, with the exception of service and block) while the ball is entirely higher than the top of the net. • A player completes an attack hit from higher than the top of the net when the ball is coming from an overhand finger pass (set) by a libero in the front zone. • When hitting, a player makes contact with the ball in the space above the opponent's court (in blocking an attack hit, this is allowed). Back to Rules home

8. A player touches the opponent's court with any part of his or her body except the feet or hands. • When serving, a player steps on the court or the end line before making contact with the ball. • A player takes more than 8 seconds to serve. • At the moment of serve, one or more players jump, raise their arms or stand together at the net in an attempt to block the sight of the ball from the opponent (screening). • A player blocks the serve or attacks the serve when the ball is in the front zone and above the top of the net. • There is a physical fight between players, whether an opponent or on the same team Back to Rules home

9. Scoring • The game continues, with the first team to score 25 points (and be two points ahead) awarded the set. Matches are best-of-five sets and the fifth set (if necessary) is usually played to 15 points. Back to Rules home home

10. PLAY AND PLAYERS • Any number may play that is convenient to the place. • A player should be able to cover about ten by ten feet.Should any player during play touch the net, it puts the ball out of play and counts against his side. • Should any player catch or hold for an instant the ball, it is out of play and counts for the opposite side. Should the ball strike any object other than the floor and bound back into play, it is still in play. • To dribble the ball is to carry it all the time, keeping it bouncing. When dribbling the ball no player shall cross the dribbling line, this putting the ball out of play and counting against him. • Any player except the captain, addressing the umpire or casting any slurring remarks at him or any of the players on the opposite side, may be disqualified, and his side be compelled to play the game without him or a substitute, or forfeit the same. Back to Rules

11. Basic skills Serve Set Pass Attack Block Dig home

12. The Serve • A player stands behind the endline and serves the ball, in an attempt to drive it into the opponent's court. • His or her main objective is to make it land inside the court; it is also desirable to set the ball's direction, speed and acceleration so that it becomes difficult for the receiver to handle it properly. • A serve is called an "ace" when the ball lands directly onto the court or travels outside the court after being touched by an opponent. Back to skills home

14. SET - is usually the second contact that a team makes with the ball. • The main goal of setting is to put the ball in the air in such a way that it can be driven by an attack into the opponent's court. • The setter coordinates the offensive movements of a team, and is the player who ultimately decides which player will actually attack the ball. Back to skills home

16. The Pass Also called reception, the pass is the attempt by a team to properly handle the opponent's serve, or any form of attack. Proper handling includes not only preventing the ball from touching the court, but also making it reach the position where the setter is standing quickly and precisely. The skill of passing involves fundamentally two specific techniques: underarm pass, or bump, where the ball touches the inside part of the joined forearms or platform, at waist line; and overhand pass, where it is handled with the fingertips, like a set, above the head Back to skills home

18. ATTACK The attack (or spike, the slang term) is usually the third contact a team makes with the ball. The object of attacking is to handle the ball so that it lands on the opponent's court and cannot be defended. A player makes a series of steps (the "approach"), jumps, and swings at the ball. Back to skills home

20. Blocking refers to the actions taken by players standing at the net to stop or alter an opponent's attack. BLOCK A block that is aimed at completely stopping an attack, thus making the ball remain in the opponent's court, is called offensive. A well-executed offensive block is performed by jumping and reaching to penetrate with one's arms and hands over the net and into the opponent's area. BLOCK By contrast, it is called a defensive, or "soft" block if the goal is to control and deflect the hard-driven ball up so that it slows down and becomes more easy to be defended. A well-executed soft-block is performed by jumping and placing one's hands above the net with no penetration into the opponent's court and with the palms up and fingers pointing backward. Back to skills home

22. DIG Digging is the ability to prevent the ball from touching one's court after a spike, particularly a ball that is nearly touching the ground. In many aspects, this skill is similar to passing, or bumping: overhand dig and bump are also used to distinguish between defensive actions taken with fingertips or with joined arms Back to skills home

24. Coaching COACHING for volleyball can be classified under two main categories: (a) developmental coaching and (b) match coaching. Developmental coachingemphasizes player development through the reinforcement of basic skills during exercises known as "drills." The objective ofmatch coachingis to win a match by managing a team's strategy. home

25. Player Specialization There are 5 positions filled on every volleyball team at the elite level. Setter, Outside Hitter/Left Side Hitter, Middle Hitter, Opposite Hitter/Right Side Hitter and Libero/Defensive Specialist. Each of these positions plays a specific, key role in winning a volleyball match. 1.SETTERS - have the task for orchestrating the offense of the team. They aim for second touch and their main responsibility is to place the ball in the air where the attackers can place the ball into the opponents' court for a point. 2. MIDDLE BLOCKERS or MIDDLE HITTERS are players that can perform very fast attacks that usually take place near the setter 3.OUTSIDE HITTERS attack from near the left antenna. Since most sets to the outside are high, the outside hitter may take a longer approach, always starting from outside the court sideline. home

26. 4. OPPOSITE HITTER or RIGHT SIDE HITTERS carry the offensive workload for a volleyball team. Their primary responsibilities are to attack the ball from the right side and to put up a well formed block against the opponents Outside Hitters. 5.LIBEROSare defensive players who are responsible for receiving the attack or serve. Libero means'free'as they have the ability to substitute for any other player on the court during each play. Liberos wear a different color jersey than their teammates. setter Opposite hitter Middle blocker/ hiiter Libero home

28. The game is played on a volleyball court 18 meters long and 9 meters wide, divided into two 9 m × 9 m halves by a one-meter wide net placed so that the top of the net is 2.43 meters above the center of the court for men's competition, and 2.24 meters for women's competition (these heights are varied for veterans and junior competitions).