Let’s meet

1. Let’s meet

2. Who are you?

3. Where are you from?

4. Your GPA at McGill

5. The amount of work for this class

6. The teacher (evaluation 2002) …ZE BAD ONES…... “She taught some things (endocrinology) in which she Is not an expert” “I didn’t think that the professor had a broad knowledge About the different aspects of the course, since a Couple of times, she asked the students for answers To some things she didn’t know” “She looks a lot like Celine Dion” (2001) “I do agree that she bears a striking resemblance To Celine Dion” (2002)

7. The teacher (evaluation 2002) …ZE GOOD ONES…... “She is a great teacher! […]. She is very knowledgeable In her field. She is interesting and opened to questions When we ask her”. “Excellent instructor […] I enjoyed her use of asking Questions to students during class” “Dr. Lupien brought an enthusiasm to the subject of Endocrinology that my previous professors did not” “On the side of students instead of against with respect To learning and doing well in the course” “Does not look like Celine Dion”

8. The course (evaluation 2002) …ZE GOOD ONES…... “Overall, the course was intriguing and Intellectually satisfying. My critical thinking skills Were definitely improved” “The assignment was fun and let us apply our knowledge In an interesting way, as opposed to jut regurgitating Learned information” “Putting the slides online was a great idea, very helpful” “Even if the material is very complex, the overheads are Clear and easy to study””

9. The course (evaluation 2002) …ZE BAD ONES…... “Some of the material is very boring. The class is too Long. Three classes that are 1 hour in length would Be more tolerable” “Not really worth buying the textbook” “The reading for the 1st part of the class was Unnecessarily detailed. Perhaps specific pages and/or Sections should be specified” “Coursepack with texts not useful at all” “Assignment requirements a bit unclear”

10. The exams (evaluation 2002) …ZE CONSTRUCTIVE ONES…... “I think Dr. Lupien may expect too much, too soon with Regard to our critical thinking during exams. Her Questions during the midterm seemed too subjective” “The multiple choice questions are worth too much in Comparison to the essay questions” “More concise questions. Students with advanced Knowledge on certain topics should not be penalized Because they look to deep into the questions” “A lot of Physiology students had problems with the Questions, knowing how far to take the question”

11. The exams (evaluation 2002) …ZE GOOD ONES…... !!!! “I really like the way the exam is set up. The evaluation Is not based on purely memorization but on integration And understanding of the material. This way of evaluating students lacks seriously in many Of the courses taught in this university”.

12. 20 multiple choices and 3 essays….

13. Let’s start with a question…….

14. Is Premenstrual Syndrome… A real, biological (hormonal) Entity…… ….or is it just “in the head”?

15. February 18th, 2003 A STUDENT DEBATE

16. What’s the point?

17. A New Name and Package for Prozac for Treating Severe PMS Symptoms Aug. 15, 2000 (CBS) Arriving in pharmacies today is Prozac--newly repackaged and re-marketed under the name Sarafem--but with the identical formula as Prozac. Sarafem has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a relatively-new classification of mental disorder called PMDD, which is an extreme form of PMS suffered by 3% to 5% of women who experience PMS symptoms. PMDD’s classification as a mental disorder, rankles some feminists. In fact, some people, doctors among them, doubt the syndrome exists at all, though most concede the reality of PMS and its degree of severity in some patients. […] Skeptics contend that despite Eli Lilly’s public posture, privately the company is hoping that Sarafem will tap into the PMS market and generate new business. A typical prescription is $90 per month, per woman and the drug must be taken daily or the symptoms return. The potential market is huge and, since the company is on the verge of losing their patent for Prozac, Serafem holds the promise of a new market of women, and an exclusive patent to serve that market.

18. Endocrine Theories of PMS One endocrine theory : Cycling theory PMS : induced by chronic fluctuations in hormone concentrations associated with long-term menstrual cycle Psychological symptoms of PMS : would be associated with the withdrawal of these gonadal steroid hormones.

19. Endocrine Theories of PMS Cycling theory : Interesting facts In earlier societies, women would only have 10 to 20 menstrual cycles in their ENTIRE life e.g. postpubertal female pregnant or lactating most of their reproductive life -1 year of gestational amenorrhea -1 year of lactational amenorrhea Year after : another baby --> family of 14 children = 28 years of amenorrhea Puberty : Around 16 : So 16 + 28 = 44 years (menopause) TODAY : Menstruation begins around 12; first pregnancy around 35 So, women will experience 300 uninterrupted menstrual cycles So, PMS could be an unavoidable consequence of Western civilization, and the Impact of long-term cyclic variations that goes with it. 2 years

20. Hormones & Behavior--> 204-342B CRITICAL THINKING

21. Some Questions….. -Does anabolic steroid abuse cause violent behavior? -Is mood affected by a woman’s menstrual cycle? -Do seasonal cycles of depression occur in people? -Why are more men than women in prison for committing violent crimes? -Is homosexuality caused by changes in hormone concentrations? ……..A scientist says it…..so it’s true…. REALLY?

22.   James Watson, who co-discovered DNA, dumbfounded many at a guest lecture when he advanced his theory about a link between skin color and sex drive.   “That’s why you have Latin lovers,” he said, according to people who were there last month. “You’ve never heard of an English lover. Only an English patient.”  “I realized right away that this was inappropriate,” said Susan Marqusee, an associate professor of biochemistry and molecular biology. Watson also said fat people are happy and thin people more ambitious, showing a slide of waif-like model Kate Moss looking sad to illustrate the point. Marqusee said she walked out after a comment about men finding fat women sexually attractive. “There wasn’t any science,” she said. “These aren’t issues that one can state as fact.” Biology doctoral candidate Sarah Tegen said people were laughing at the beginning of Watson’s lecture. But the laughter turned nervous as he developed his theme.     “There was a lot of looking at the person next to you and saying, ‘I can’t believe he’s saying this,’” she said. The problem, says Tegen, was that Watson didn’t present the science to back up his startling presentation.     “I think there’s a really important place in science for controversy. That’s how you overturn dogmas. But it’s got to be within a context of testable hypotheses,” she said.

23. Historical Perspective The beginning of the discipline is attributed to Arnold Adolph Berthold 1849: First formal EXPERIMENT in endocrinology He demonstrated that a substance produced by the testes could travel through the bloodstream and affect behavior

24. Berthold’s Experiment in Roosters…. Castration & Reimplantation of testis Castration Castration & Transplantation of testis

25. Berthold’s Conclusion... -A secretory, blood-borne product of the transplanted testes is responsible for the normal development of the birds in the second and third group Today, it is called TESTOSTERONE -’problem’: no one knows why Berthold did the experiment in the first place…. No clear rationale for it.

26. History continues…. 1856 : Brown-Sequard tries to confirm Berthold’s experiment….. In himself… -Testes of a dog -Use the “substance” within the testes -Positive effect …possibility of a placebo effect also!

27. The story continues…. 1936 : Hans Selye : McGill University …. Visit of patients at the hospital …. The General Adaptation Syndrome …. The importance of stress hormones In the 1930’s : Psychology School (death of the black box) -Skinner, Watson -Lashley (engram) -Need for experimental approach to the study of hormones and behavior

28. The story continues…. 1948 : Frank A. Beach publishes the first book on HORMONES & BEHAVIOR His studies : Brain Lesion Rats Observe maternal behavior in females Observe mating behavior in males Inject testosterone: induces mating behavior

29. Before the story began …. Chinese Culture (350 B.C.) EUNUCH : Males castrated before puberty to guard women from other men

30. Before the story began …. EUNUCH : Never develop beards, no pubertal change of voice. If YOUNG and had an exceptional voice --> would be castrated to create a CASTRATI --> peak in 17th and 18th centuries

31. New York Times, December 20, 1996 The eunuch Sun Yaoting was just 94 when he died in his home in a Beljing temple on Tuesday evening. Like the thousands who preceded him through Chinese history, Mr., Sun was emasculated as a young boy, In a crude and risky operation that was arranged by his family, who were looking for a way out of poverty and into the private domain of Chinas highest rulers. Aside from the emperor, eunuchs were generally the only men trusted to enter the inner courtyards of the palace, where the women of the imperial family and harem lived. Other men, including officials, military guards and even the emperor's male relatives, were often required to leave the palace grounds at night. Using only hot chili sauce as a local anesthetic, the people who performed this fateful operation typically did so in one swoop, using a small, curved knife. In exchange for a lifetime of humiliation marked by incontinence and sexual frustration, a few eunuchs were able to achieve tremendous Influence and wealth. Only months after Mr. Sun's family forced him through the ordeal in 1911, the Manchu Dynasty, which had ruled China since the early1660's' was overthrown bringing an end to this system.

32. Today….. The Hijras of India -EUNUCH : -Sing and Dance at weddings -Form a sect within Hinduism .Associated with fertility -Both penis & scrotum removed -’Removers of bad luck’