Chapter 13 Energy and Energy Resources

1. Chapter 13Energy and Energy Resources Mr. Polard Sixth Grade Physical Science

2. Section 1 – What is Energy?

3. Section 1 – Vocabulary Energy: the ability to cause change (page 374) Kinetic Energy: energy an object has due to its motion (page 375) Potential Energy: energy stored in an object due to its position (page 376) Thermal Energy: the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of the particles in a material (page 376 & 437) Chemical Energy: energy stored in chemical bonds (page 377) Radiant Energy: energy carried by an electromagnetic wave (page 377 & 524) Electrical Energy: energy carried by electric current (page 378) Nuclear Energy: energy contained in atomic nuclei (page 37)

4. Section 1 - Notes • Energy is the ability to cause change. • Energy from motion is kinetic energy. • Kinetic energy increases as an object movesfaster. • Kinetic energy increases as the mass of an object increases. • Energy stored in an object due to its position is potential energy. • Energy comes in different forms. • Energy that increases as temperature increases is thermal energy. • Chemical energy – energy stored in chemical bonds • Radiant energy – light energy • Energy from electricity is electrical energy • The nucleus of an atom contains nuclear energy

5. Section 2 – Energy Transformations

6. Section 2 – Vocabulary Law of Conservation of Energy: states that energy can change its form but is never created or destroyed (page 380) Generator:device that uses a magnetic field to turn kinetic energy into electrical energy (page 384 & 626) Turbine:set of steam-powered fan blades that spins a generator at a power plant (page 384)

7. Section 2 - Notes • Energy is constantly changing from one form to another. • Law of conservation of energy– energy is never created or destroyed; it merely changes form • Energy can be transferred from kinetic to potential energy and back to kinetic. • Machines transform energy from one form to another. • Chemical energy can be transferred to kinetic, radiant, thermal, or electrical energy. • Electrical energy can be transformed to kinetic, chemical, electrical, or thermal energy. • Unlike other forms of energy, thermal energy is not easy to store. • A turbine’s kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy by a generator at a power plant.

8. Section 3 – Sources of Energy

9. Section 3 – Vocabulary Nonrenewable Resource : energy resource that is used up much faster than it can be replaced (page 388) Renewable Resource : energy resource that is replenished continually (page 390) Alternative Resource : new renewable or inexhaustible energy source; includes solar energy, wind and geothermal energy (page 391) Inexhaustible Resource : energy source that can’t be used up by humans (page 391) Photovoltaic:device that transforms radiant energy directly into electrical energy (page 392)

10. Section 3 - Notes • Energy comes from either the Sun or from radioactive atoms in the Earth. • Fossil fuels include oil, natural gas, and coal. • Fossil fuels contain chemical energy from the Sun’s radiant energy via photosynthesis. • Nonrenewable resources such as fossil fuels are used up faster than they can be replaced. • Nuclear energy comes from the nuclei of uranium atoms. • Hydroelectricity from the potential energy of water is a renewable resource. • Alternative resources of energy may be safer for people and the environment • Solar energy can be captured in thermal collectors or photovoltaic collectors

11. Section 3 - Notes • Geothermal energy – thermal energy contained in hot magma • Windmills can generate electricity without polluting the environment. • Conserving energy will help prevent energy shortages and allow fossil fuels to last longer.