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CHAPTER 13: ENERGY. 13-1: What major sources of energy do we use?. Most Energy Comes From The Sun. 99% of all energy on the surface of the Earth comes from the sun, the other 1% is commercial energy (sold in the marketplace). Of the 1%... (world energy stats)
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CHAPTER 13: ENERGY 13-1: What major sources of energy do we use?
Most Energy Comes From The Sun • 99% of all energy on the surface of the Earth comes from the sun, the other 1% is commercial energy (sold in the marketplace). Of the 1%... (world energy stats) • 76% Non-renewable Fossil Fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) • 18% Renewable Energy (wind, hydropower, geothermal, ***biomass) • 6% Non-renewable Nuclear Energy
Renewable vs. Non-Renewable • Renewable Resources – resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. • Non-Renewable Resources – resources that are not naturally replenished on a human timescale such as oil, coal, and natural gas
Largest Consumers of Fossil Fuels • # 1 – United States • # 2 – China • # 3 – European Union
How do we make electricity? • http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/science/energy/electricity/
Make a pie chart of the US electrical sources • Finish the state electrical generation maps and questions
QUESTIONS? • For each energy source we will explore the following… • 1) What is the source? • 2) Where is it found in large concentrations? • 3) How do we harness this source? • 4) What are the problems with extracting it from the ground and/or building structures to harness it? • 5) What do we use the source for (besides electricity)? • 6) What are the problems of the waste of this process?
1) What is OIL? • Petroleum (crude oil) – gooey mixture of hundreds of hydrocarbons, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen compounds • plankton and other sea life that sank to bottom of ancient oceans • Over time compressed by sediments
Where is it found in large concentrations? • Algeria, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia (25%), United Arab Emirates, Venezuela = 78% of all oil on planet • Oil Revenue - $200 billion in 2002, $600 billion in 2006 = $1.1 million dollars/minute
Where is it found in large concentrations? • World Supplies – OPEC Nations (11 countries have 78% of the world’s oil supply) (see handout) • These countries decide how much a gallon of gas will cost which impacts the price of EVERYTHING! • Domestic Supplies (see hand out) • 1. Gulf of Mexico • 2. Texas • 3. Alaska • 3. California US produces 9% of the world’s oil and uses 25% of the world’s oil The US imported 60% of its oil at a cost of $1.25 billion/day Crude oil Prices – see hand out
3) How do we harness this source? • Exploration (satellite or sonar) • Mining (on-shore or off-shore oil rigs, up to 5 miles) Wells last up to 10 years, most are past peak performance • Transportation (pipeline, truck, tanker) • Refining (distillation) • Transportation • Production (plastics, greases, fuels) • Use
Found between sedimentary rock layers (fossils) – Fossil Fuel
Refining Oil • Distillation • Separation by temp. • Accounts for only 1% of our electricity
4) What are the problems with extracting it from the ground and/or building structures to harness it? • Burning the excess gas (carbon dioxide and other gas pollutants) • Oil Spills (see video 54 minutes) • Nova - • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/the-spill/ BBC- • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehdyGysxq-Q • Drilling is very dangerous
5) What do we use the source for (besides electricity)? • Oil only makes up 1% of United States electricity generation • Primarily used for… • #1 Gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil • #2 Asphalt, tar, other products • #3 PLASTIC
6) What are the problems of the waste of this process? • Carbon Dioxide (greenhouse gas) • Contamination of groundwater and rivers/streams • Plastic products take millions of years to biodegrade • Volatile organic compounds (human health hazard when breathed in)
Fires of Kuwait • Read article together • 38 min video (hopefully it works) • http://watchdocumentary.org/watch/fires-of-kuwait-video_23ec905b3.html
3/31/14 - QOTD • Match the use of OIL with its environmental problem. • 1. Transportation Fuel A. will not biodegrade • 2. Plastic B. groundwater contamination • 3. Asphalt and Tar C. atmospheric pollution
World OIL • The US imported 60% of its oil at a cost of $1.25 billion/day • ¼ of all the countries with major oil reserves condone terrorism • Buying oil – Funding terrorism • Rising Prices – China will import twice as much oil as the US by 2025. • Bottom Line – We use too much oil, produce too little oil, and are at the mercy of unstable countries who control the export prices of oil who in turn support terrorist activities
OIL • Extraction, Processing, and Use of Oil has a severe environmental impact. • 43% of all Carbon Dioxide emissions come from the burning of gas and diesel fuel
Brainstorm • List the advantages of Oil • List the disadvantages of Oil
OIL Advantages • Ample supply for 43-90 yrs • Low cost • High Net Energy yield • Easily Transported • Low land use • Technology is well developed • Efficient Distribution System Disadvantages • Need to find substitutes within 50 years • Large Government Subsidies • Environmental Costs not included in market prices • Artificially low price encourages waste and discourages search for alternatives • Pollutes air when produced • Releases Carbon Dioxide when burned • Can cause water pollution