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Horney (1885-1952) Part 2

Horney (1885-1952) Part 2. http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/53/61953-003.gif. Neurotic trends. (in contrast to normal needs) disproportionate in intensity indiscriminant in application everyone must love me; I must be better than everyone; etc. disregard for reality

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Horney (1885-1952) Part 2

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  1. Horney (1885-1952) Part 2 http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/53/61953-003.gif

  2. Neurotic trends (in contrast to normal needs) • disproportionate in intensity • indiscriminant in application • everyone must love me; I must be better than everyone; etc. • disregard for reality • intense anxiety if not satisfied

  3. Self • Healthy: • Real self self-realization (full potential) • Unhealthy: • Idealized self neurosis • Tyranny of the “shoulds • ALIENATION FROM THE REAL SELF

  4. Externalization (self-obliteration) • everything happens “outside of self,” and only changes outside of self will “fix things” • external factors maintain idealized self • externalization of rage • Anger turned against others (instead of self) • Fear that person’s faults will be intolerable to others (anger at self) • Body disorders (anger at self)

  5. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • cynicism

  6. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • cynicism

  7. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • cynicism

  8. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control (no emotion) • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • cynicism

  9. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • cynicism

  10. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • Elusiveness (no decision) • cynicism

  11. SECONDARY ADJUSTMENT TECHNIQUES: • blind spots • compartmentalizing • rationalization • excessive self-control • arbitrary rightness • elusiveness • Cynicism (so not disappointed)

  12. Goals of Therapy • Self-realization • Being productive, truthful, and cooperative with others • Prevent externalization • In touch with real self • Healthy characteristics: • Responsibility • Inner independence • Spontaneity of feeling • Wholeheartedness

  13. Feminine psychology • Penis envy • “womb” envy

  14. Horney vs. Freud • Early childhood • Unconscious motivation • Biological motivation (environment more important than anatomy) • Optimistic, not pessimistic • Therapy (self-analysis) • Prognosis for change

  15. Critique Criticisms: • Unoriginal ideas • Little empirical support • Disregard of healthy people Contributions: • Original ideas • Self-analysis • Feminine psychology

  16. Erik Erikson (1902-1994)

  17. The Epigenetic Principle "anything that grows has a ground plan”

  18. psychosocial • Personality affected by both: • Biology • Culture • Importance of the ego • life span approach

  19. General Sequence of Stages Ego Strengthened or weakened Ritualization • Crisis: • immature • critical • resolution Genetics Virtue Ritualism 8 of these

  20. Stage 1: Trust versus Mistrust Age: 0-1 Value: Hope

  21. Stage 1 • Ritualization: • Numinous – cultural ways mother and child interact • Ritualism: • Idolism – excessive admiration instead of warm feeling to others

  22. Stage 2: Autonomy versus Shame, Doubt Age: 1-3 Value: Will

  23. Stage 2 • Ritualization: • Judiciousness – learning right from wrong • Ritualism: • Legalism – preoccupation with rules instead of reason for rules

  24. Stage 3: Initiative versus Guilt(“imagination vs. limits”) Age: 4-5 Value: Purpose

  25. Stage 3 • Ritualization: • Authenticity – role playing • Ritualism: • Impersonation – confusing playing a role with real personality

  26. Stage 4: Industry versus Inferiority Age: 6-11 Value: Competence

  27. As in Adler’s “inferiority complex”? Wow!

  28. Stage 4 • Ritualization: • Formality – learning how things work in one’s culture • Ritualism: • Formalism – preoccupation with work, no interest in why things work

  29. Stage 5: Identity versus Identity Confusion Age: 12-20 Value: Fidelity • moratorium • identity crisis • role confusion • negative identity

  30. Stage 5 • Ritualization: • Ideology – embracing a philosophy of life • Ritualism: • Totalism – embrace simplistic ideas of heroes

  31. Stage 6: Intimacy versus Isolation Age: 20-24 Value: Love

  32. Stage 6 • Ritualization: • Affiliation – intimate relationship • Ritualism: • Elitism – superficial relationships w/ a small group of people

  33. Stage 7: Generativity versus Stagnation Age: 25-64 Value: Care

  34. Stage 7 • Ritualization: • Generationalism – transmit cultural values to next generation • Ritualism: • Authoritism – using power for selfish gains

  35. Stage 8: Integrity versus Despair Age: 65-death Value: Wisdom

  36. Stage 8 • Ritualization: • Integralism – unification of previous ritualizations, see one’s life contributing to immortal culture • Ritualism: • Sapientism – pretense of being wise

  37. Psychosocial Stages Compared with Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

  38. Goal of Therapy • Strengthen the ego, encourage growth of values

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