The Internet & Emerging Technologies

1. The Internet& Emerging Technologies

2. The Internet

3. The Internet • Based upon the client/server model • Connects over 20 million people in over 100 countries (figures available when the book was written) • The Internet, at its lowest levels, is only a set of common protocols that allow data transport. Other services and functions can and do reside anywhere and everywhere on the network.

4. The Internet • Network traffic is re-routed around network transport and/or server failures

5. Basic Problems of the Internet • Inadequate security given the sensitive and proprietary nature of information that people may want to communicate through the network • Technological challenges with one the biggest being a lack of standards • Lack of clarity on many legal issues

6. World Wide Web • A set of standards for organizing and accessing a vast array of resources via the internet • Information is presented as a series of documents - “Web Pages” • The series of pages is called the “Web Site” • The opening page is called the “Home Page” • Content can include text, images, video, sound, etc.

7. Web Browsers • An application program specifically designed to allow users to access the “Web” • Users utilize point-and-click techniques to access hypertext links • Most popular are Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer by Microsoft • Bookmarks allow you to store URL’s for easy retrieval • Many search engines are available for locating web sites

8. What is HTML ? • HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML consists of standardized codes,or "tags", that are used to define the structure of information on a web page. HTML is used to prepare documents for the World Wide Web. A web page is single a unit of information, often called a document, that is available on the World Wide Web. • HTML defines several aspects of a web page including heading levels, bold, italics, images, paragraph breaks and hypertext links to other resources

9. What is HTML ? • HTML can be compared to word processing. The text in a word processed file can be formatted in various ways. For example, a heading can be bold and in larger font size than the rest of the document. Also, specific words can be italicized for emphasis. • HTML is a way to define the formats of text in a web page. However, it goes further by also being able to define placement of graphics and hypertext links

10. What is HTML ? • HTML tags are used to define areas of a document as having certain characteristics. • The tags used in HTML usually consist of a code in between two "wickets". These codes are called container tags because the formatting described by the tags affects only the text contained between the tags. • For example, <B> and </B> are the starting and ending tags used to indicate an area as bold. Therefore, the following markup will yield a sentence with the word "hello" in bold. • Only the word <B>hello</B> will be bold.

11. What is HTML ? • HTML tags are used to define heading levels, such as <H1> and </H1>. Heading levels can go to <H6>, with each successive number indicating a smaller heading size. • Some other basic HTML tags are: • <I> and </I> used to indicate italics • <img src="name-of-picture"> used to place an image in a document file • <P> used to create a paragraph break

12. Java • Developed by Sun Microsystems • Java extends the capabilities of web pages to allow for robust applications • Extremely popular with internet-based applications because it is platform independent • Normally, programs that need access to graphics, network services, the disk, even RAM, use a function call provided as part of the base-level operating system to do so. But in Java, the built-in run-time called a virtual machine provides all these basic services.

13. JAVA • Java is interpreted. What this means is that Java source code does not get compiled directly to machine instructions like C++ or FORTRAN does. Instead Java’s source code gets compiled to an intermediate form called byte-codes. • Java has built-in support for multi-threaded programming. This is an example of something added to Java that C++ does not support.

14. JAVA • Java has built-in support for network programming. This comes in the form of classes that can deal directly with sockets so that connections to servers can be opened. • A software component is a pre-built piece of encapsulated application code that can be provided with other components and with hand-written code to rapidly product custom applications. • Java components (JavaBeans) makes it easy for a large number of vendors to create reusable software building blocks.

15. How It Works • Step 1: User Requests a Web Page HTTP Workstation(running Browser) Web Server

16. How It Works • Step 2: Web Page containing Java Applet is sent back HTTP HTTP Workstation(running Browser) Web Server

17. How It Works • Step 3: Java VM Starts on Workstation JAVA Workstation(running BrowserWith Java Plugin) Application Server Web Server

18. How It Works • Step 4: Applet Communicates With Application Server IIOP JAVA HTTP IIOP Workstation(running BrowserWith Java Plugin) Application Server Web Server

19. How It Works • Step 5: App Server Talks to Database IIOP JDBC Database HTTP IIOP JNDI Workstation Application Server LDAP

20. Other Companies Using Java Technologies • Ernst & Young • Developed a 100% Pure Java application, called Auditor's Workstation (AWS) • The tax department is now able to review audit workpapers and otherwise participate in the audit process from their client's site or wherever they may be--without experiencing bandwidth limitations. This enables Ernst & Young auditors to access this mission-critical application and modify secure and confidential data from remote locations over the Internet.

21. Other Companies Using JAVA Technologies • Xerox • The Xerox Problem Management (XPM) application is a key resource in that internal process. XPM is written in the Java language and is part of the core problem-solving system used by internal groups at Xerox to identify and effectively resolve product design, component, or manufacturing problems

22. Interesting Sites • Vincinity MapBlast • Allows you to drill down and locate addresses and print maps down to the street level, anywhere in the United States • http://www.vicinity.com/yt.hm?CMD=FILL&FAM=mapblast&SEC=start • Switchboard • Allows you to locate address and phone numbers of anybody in the United States (listed numbers only) • You can also locate businesses • http://www.switchboard.com/bin/cgiqa.dll

23. Interesting Sites • http://quote.yahoo.com • Get latest market news and stock quotes • Chart stocks from 1 day to 5 years • Obtain latest news for any company • Locate symbols for any stock • http://www.dljdirect.com/cgi/inet/qndigest.trn?selection=option_quote_dl&option_symbols=y&symbol=ALTR • Obtain option quotes for Puts and Calls • Hard to find option quotes • Silicon Investor Calendar • http://www.techstocks.com/Calendar.html • Calendar of earnings reporting and chat

24. Interesting Sites • The MBA Page • http://www.cob.ohio-state.edu/dept/fin/mba.htm • Valuable information for all students • Survival guide is excellent • Roget's Thesaurus • Personal Development Information • Magazines • USA Today http://www.usatoday.com • Wall Street Journal http://update.wsj.com • http://www.businessweek.com/contents.htm

25. Interesting Sites • Entertainment • The Golf Web • HTTP://www.golfweb.com • The National Park Service • HTTP://www.nps.gov • Coverage of all national parks, what they offer, costs, etc.

26. Other Emerging Technologies • Cable Modems • Your cable company becomes your ISP • Coming to Henrico by years end • Biometrics • Our biological characteristics can be mapped and digitized