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BIO 244 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

BIO 244 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY. Chapter 10. Identification and Classification of Microorganisms. _________________ The science of classifying organisms: Provides ________________ for organisms Provides a ______________ for identifying

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BIO 244 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

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  1. BIO 244 GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY Chapter 10 Identification and Classification of Microorganisms _________________ The science of classifying organisms: Provides ________________ for organisms Provides a ______________ for identifying organisms

  2. CLASSIFICATION of MICROORGANISMSSystematics or phylogeny:The study of the _____________ history of organismsAll Species Inventory (2001-2025)To identify all species of life on EarthTaxonomic scheme favored by most microbiologists: ____________ system(before three domain system, five kingdom system used) The three-domain system Bacteria Archaea Eukarya The six-kingdom system Animalia Fungi Plantae Protista Bacteria Archaea The traditional five-kingdom system Bacteria Protista Plantae Animalia Fungi

  3. THE THREE _________ SYSTEM Figure 10.1

  4. TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY Figure 10.5

  5. PRINCIPLES of TAXONOMY • Taxonomic hierarchies • Classification categories arranged in hierarchical order • Species – group of ___________ isolates or strains • Most basic unit • Genus – group of related species • Family– collection of similar genera • Order– collection of similar families • Class – collection of similar orders • Phylum – collection of similar classes • Kingdom – collection of similar phyla • Domain – collection of similar kingdoms • Most ______________ unit • New taxonomic category

  6. SPECIES DEFINITION • ____________ SPECIES: • A group of closely related organisms that _____ among themselves • PROKARYOTIC SPECIES: • A population of cells with similar characteristics • ______: Population of cells derived from a single cell • Strain: ______________________ within a clone • VIRAL SPECIES: • Population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ____________ niche

  7. PROKARYOTE DOMAINS Figure 10.6

  8. DOMAIN EUKARYAKINGDOMS • _____________: • Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic • PLANTAE: • Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic • FUNGI: • Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of _______; may develop from spores or hyphal fragments • PROTISTA: • Unicellular, eukaryotic organisms; classification usually based on ____________

  9. ___________ NOMENCLATURENames Given According to International Code for the Nomenclature of Bacteria

  10. __________________ BERGEY’S MANUAL • reference for identifying bacteria • reference for classifying bacteria

  11. MAIN METHODS used in the IDENTIFICATION of _______________ PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS MICROSCOPIC MORPHOLOGY ___________ PROPERTIES ___________ PROPERTIES FATTY ACID ANALYSIS ___________ CHARACTERISTICS NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES rRNA SEQUENCES

  12. MAIN METHODS used in BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION • _____________ MORPHOLOGY • MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS: • (Very useful for identifying eukaryotic microorganisms) • ______________ STAINING: • Gram staining, acid-fast staining • BIOCHEMICAL TESTS: • Determines presence of ________________ • ________________ TESTS: • Based on presence of an organism or immune response to organisms • Slide agglutination • ______ (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) Figure 10.8

  13. IDENTIFICATION BASED ON ________________ BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY NEMATODE MORPHOLOGY ADULT WORM OVUM

  14. BACTERIAL IDENTIFICATION ______________ CHARACTERISTICS _____________ ASSAYS

  15. COMMON ____________ ASSAYS

  16. BIOCHEMICAL ASSAYS _________________

  17. _________________ KEY • Used for _____________ identification • Based on series of _________ questions • Each question has one of ______ possible answers

  18. Figure 10.7

  19. ____________ ASSAYS • Slide ___________________: • Combine known antiserum + ________________ • Combine __________________ in patient serum with known antigen • Visualization of antigen antibody reactions through the formation of clumps Figure 10.10

  20. ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY • _____________ • Antigen or antibody is tagged with an ___________ • Enzyme substrate is added and ______ is produced

  21. _____________ ANALYSIS • _____________ composition • Guanine + cytosine moles% (GC) • DNA _____________ • Electrophoresis of restriction enzyme digests • rRNA sequencing • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Figure 10.14

  22. NUCLEIC ACID _________________ Figure 10.15

  23. IDENTIFICATION of BACTERIA using DNA PROBES Figure 10.16

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