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The Muscular System

Discover the intricate details of the muscular system, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Learn about their structure, functions, and control mechanisms. Explore the classification of muscles and their essential roles in the body.

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The Muscular System

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  1. The Muscular System

  2. Did you know that ? - more than 50% of body weight is muscle !

  3. Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Three types of muscle

  4. Voluntary Involuntary Viscera Limbs Heart Non-striated Striated Classification of muscle Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

  5. Skeletal muscle • Large muscles • Maintain posture • Facilitate locomotion • Move jointed bones • Found in antagonistic pairs • Joined to bones by tendons

  6. Structure of skeletal muscle • Each cell fibre is long and cylindrical • Muscle fibres are multi-nucleated • The contractile elements ofskeletal muscle cells arecalled myofibrils • How do muscles contract?

  7. Skeletal muscle - Summary • Voluntary movement of skeletal parts • Spans joints and attached to skeleton • Multi-nucleated, striated, cylindrical fibres

  8. Cardiac muscle • Main muscle of heart • Pumping mass of heart • Heart muscle cells behave as one unit • Heart always contracts to it’s full extent

  9. Structure of cardiac muscle • Cardiac muscle cells are short, branched and interconnected • Cells are striated & multi-nucleated • Adjacent cardiac cells joined via electrical synapses (gap junctions) • These gap junctions appear as dark lines when viewed under a microscope and are called intercalated discs

  10. Cardiac muscle - Summary • Found in the heart • Involuntary rhythmic contraction • Branched, striated fibres with intercalated discs

  11. Smooth muscle • Lines walls of viscera • Found in longitudinal or circular arrangement • Alternate contraction of circular & longitudinal muscle in the intestine leads to peristalsis

  12. Structure of smooth muscle • Spindle shaped uni-nucleated cells • Striations not observed • Actin and myosin filaments are present • Myosin filaments are attached todense bodies at the end of eachcell

  13. Smooth muscle - Summary • Found in walls of hollow internal organs • Involuntary movement of internal organs • Elongated, spindle shaped fibres with single nucleus

  14. Type of muscle Nervouscontrol Type of control Example Controlled by CNS Voluntary Lifting a glass Regulated by ANS Involuntary Heart beating Controlled by ANS Involuntary Peristalsis Muscle Control Skeletal Skeletal Cardiac Smooth Stop Day One Notes 

  15. Muscular System Vocabulary • Flexion – Movement that decreases angle between 2 bones.

  16. Muscular System • Extension – movement that increases angle between 2 bones

  17. Muscular System • Abduction – movement away from the midline of the body

  18. Muscular System • Adduction – movement towards the midline of the body

  19. Muscular System • Rotation – movement around a longitudinal axis

  20. Muscular System • Supination – Hand turned upward

  21. Muscular System • Pronation – occurs when palms rotate downward or posteriorly

  22. Muscular System • Dorsiflexion – elevation of the top of the foot • Plantar flexion – bottom of foot is directed downward

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