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Ottoman Empire: Political and Cultural Legacy Post-1450

Explore the dynamic political organization, social structure, intellectual development, and decline of the Ottoman Empire, alongside its influential interactions with foreign powers and cultural achievements. Discover the rise and fall of Islamic empires in a rich historical tapestry.

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Ottoman Empire: Political and Cultural Legacy Post-1450

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  1. The Ottoman Empire Islamic Empires post 1450

  2. Political Organization Osman (r. 1299-1326) - Ruler in Anatolia, expanded - On border between Christians and Muslims. Led the jihad. Absorb not destroy - Religious freedom

  3. Political Organization Mehmet II - Consolidated Turkish states - Conquered Constantinople in 1453 - Rebuilds and improves city

  4. Interaction of People and Foreign Relations Mehmet II (r. 1451-81) - Continued expansion – Greece, Anatolia Bayezid II (1481-1512) - Contested Throne - Strengthened Navy Selim I (r. 1512-1520) - Ruthless - Great military leader; Fought Safavids, Conquered Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and parts of N. Africa

  5. Interaction of People and Foreign Relations Sulieman (r. 1520 – 1566) - widest geographic extent - Hungary, Siege of Vienna Land Dominance - infantry, cavalry, cannon Battle for Mediterranean - Ottomans vs. Habsburgs - Pope supports Habsburgs

  6. Interaction of People and Foreign Relations Ottomans influence on European Politics - Alliance with France - Support of German Protestants - Anything to weaken Catholics Indian Ocean - Fought with Spanish and Portuguese for trade dominance - Eventually lose trade with East Asia, begins Ottoman decline

  7. Social Structure Leadership - Turkish noble families • Conquered leaders • Bureaucrats Sultan owned land

  8. Social Structure - Women Upper-class • The harem - “sacred place, sanctuary” • Place where wife, children, concubines lived • Heirs usually through concubines • Hurrem • Women in business

  9. Social Structure - Slaves Slaves from numerous conquests - Devshirme - Janissaries – loyal to sultan, not family affiliation. Great bureaucrats and military leaders

  10. Intellectual and Cultural Development Suleiman I - Codified laws, less corruption, balanced budget, relation to Islamic law - Fabulous lifestyle - Istanbul – Mosques, gardens, libraries - Roads, bridges Rivaled the Renaissance

  11. Intellectual and Cultural Development Poetry – Diwan collections Folk literature – traveling storytellers, history to the common people Science – Astronomy, cartography, Medicine – quarantine, vaccine, medical school

  12. Decline of Ottoman Power Weak Sultans – less experience, wrong priorities - Vizier’s really running empire - Provincial leaders gain power - Janissary system falls apart – Muslims take over military and bureaucracy Military defeats – Europe stronger, more united

  13. Persian Theocracy Mongol invasion - Population loss - Ghazan – lowered taxes, improved bureaucracy - Islam is state religion - Chinese professionals

  14. Persian Theocracy Safavid Empire – modern Iran, Shi’ia, militant, against Mongols Factors in Rise of Safavid Empire 1. Loyal, militant, nomadic tribesman 2.Used bureaucratic system 3. Religious unity

  15. Persian Culture Arts – gardens, weaving, tiles Religion – Shi’ia, less tolerance

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