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Developmental Psychology. Toddlerhood Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. What’s going on at 2 and 3?. Developmental Tasks Elaboration of locomotion Language development Fantasy play Self control.
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Developmental Psychology Toddlerhood Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
What’s going on at 2 and 3? Developmental Tasks • Elaboration of locomotion • Language development • Fantasy play • Self control
Parenting Styles & Characteristics-What are some thoughts/beliefs you have about effective parenting? • Baumrind’s formulation of parenting styles-Demandingness & Responsiveness • Authoritative • Authoritarian • Permissive, democratic-indulgent • Permissive, rejecting-neglecting
2. PARTheory: Parental Acceptance-Rejection Theory-Roehner • An intercultural approach-400 studies in 60 nations • Acceptance and rejection are defined in culture-specific ways. • Perceived rejection is emphasized • Four behavioral patterns • Warmth/affection • Rejection • Cold/unaffectionate • Hostility/aggression • Indifference/neglect • Undifferentiated rejection
Acceptance is linked with: • Higher self-esteem • Psychological independence • Trust • Positive world view
Rejection is associated with • Hostility and aggression • Dependence or defensive independence • Emotional unresponsiveness • Impaired self-esteem • Impaired self-adequacy • Emotional instability • Negative worldview
Self control • Self control refers to the child’s ability to control her impulses and attain his goals. • Emotion regulation helps facilitate these abilities. • Infants began to develop emotion regulation skills through caregiving interactions. • Comforting physical contact • Soothing sounds • Elimination of stimulus causing discomfort
Facilitating toddler self control • Teaching empathy/Increasing sensitivity to others • Perspective taking • Role modeling • Discipline should be • Clearly linked to unwanted behavior • Short duration • Rational • Consistent • Use of language • Talk about the emotions • Modify them through distraction or explanation • Give suggestions on how to manage them • Model ways of responding to emotions • Reinforce prosocial behavior
Emotion-coachingJohn Gottman on Speaker’s Forum http://www.kuow.org/program.php?id=15530 • Emotion coaching • What is it? • Benefits in adult relationships? • Benefits for child development? • Questions provoked? • Criticisms provoked?
Designing a high quality child care center • Physical space-inside and outside • Daily schedule • Sample toys • Policies to support families Incorporate inclusivity and cultural relevancy into your plan.
Problem solving • Read the “Lilly” scenario • Do a go-round with each person contributing an observation of the scenario • Discuss adult responses that would promote emotion regulation • Link adult responses to strategies from lecture • Plan an activity you could have parents do to develop skills to promote emotion regulation
The role and impact of childcare Some information about childcare • 70% of kids in the U.S. 0-5 are in care outside the home. • There are national accreditation standards for childcare settings that address curriculum, relationships with family, physical space, etc. • In WA, there are 2,107 childcare centers; 143 are accredited; 6.3% of centers and .32% of homes • Annual cost for infant: $12,000/8,424.00 • Annual cost for a 4 year old: $8,804/7,140 • Annual income of f/t childcare provider: $19,710
Pressing questions • What makes child care high quality? • Consistency and training of caregivers • Clean, safe environment • Small ratio • What needs can be met through high quality child care? • Cognitive development, especially if not supported at home. • Social competence, self-esteem, empathy. • Long term benefits: hs completion, reduced criminal activity, college entrance/completion • Accreditation standards: http://www.naeyc.org/academy/standards/
