Traffic Forenotice System

1. Traffic Forenotice System Gezhi Zhong Vineet Tripathi Bidisa Rai

2. Motivation Statistical reports show ‘Accidents ahead’ account for a large percentage of fatal accidents on highways, because vehicles behind have no means of knowing about the accidents/congestion that have occurred ahead in the road. Incoming vehicles are informed in advance of these accidents/congestions so that the drivers may take another route/appropriate actions.

3. Motivation (Previous Works) Present traffic monitoring systems use expensive devices such as video cameras, magnetic loop detectors that are expensive, difficult to deploy and not very scalable. Use inexpensive sensor motes that are small, cheap, easy to deploy and scalable. The use of vehicular networks for traffic monitoring requires advanced sensors in the vehicles themselves. Many individuals are not willing to bear the extra cost of fitting these special devices to their vehicles. Solution that will require minimal (if at all) additions to the vehicle.

4. Motivation contd. (Previous Works) Vehicular network solutions differ greatly in their design, protocol and implementation. As such a vehicle that uses one vehicular solution will not be able to communicate with other vehicles along the road unless they all implement the same solution. This can be a very grave problem. Solution that is generic and does not face the above problem. Sensors are very resource-constrained: power, memory, computation. Solution minimizes resource consumption.

5. Motivation (Challenges) Vehicles on highways usually travel at high speeds between 65 to 70 mph. They need to be informed of the accident/congestion up ahead as quickly as possible before it is too late. Solution that senses accidents as soon as they occur and communicate this information to the rest of the relevant network as quickly possible. Users are often unwilling to learn (or just plain lazy) how to use new systems. Solution that requires minimal interaction with the humans and be very uncomplicated for the user

6. Motivation (Unique Solution) Our solution introduces two very unique ideas: 1. It integrates an ad-hoc sensor network with a vehicular network to create an effective, energy-efficient traffic accident detection and notification system. As far we know this has never been done before. 2. We also introduce the new concept of Virtual Group and Watchdog Group of sensors that will track the motion of a car and will greatly increase the reliability of the network while making sure we have less energy-consumption by the sensors.

7. Intuition behind solution Sensors placed along-side highway roads, are active and listening when there is traffic movement, detect any traffic accident and communicate this message to neighboring sensors, which will in turn notify incoming vehicles of the accident up-ahead.

8. Detailed Design Assumptions: 1. Highways 2. Vehicles are equipped with bi-directional radios that has two functions: i. Propagate alarm message when accident occurs. ii. Receive notification of accident broadcast by sensor.

9. Detailed Design cont… Type of Sensors (Division on basis of role) Special Sensors (Always On) Watchdog Group (Based on Duty Cycle) Virtual Group (Based on Simultaneous Working)

10. Detailed Design (Sensor) BTnode rev3 Independently operable dual radio Zeevo ZV4002 Bluetooth Chipcon CC2420 Low-power radio (Working range: 10-75m, Data Rate: 250kps) Chipcon CC2520 Low-power radio (Working range: 400m, Data Rate: 250kps) Atmel ATmega128L: 4kByte EEPROM, 64kByte SRAM, 128kByte Flash. Clock: 32 kHz real time clock & 7.3728 MHz system clock. Power Supply: 2 AA cell batteries or External DC supply