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Protein Synthesis

This PowerPoint presentation provides an introductory overview of protein synthesis in microbiology, covering topics such as DNA structure, RNA transcription, ribosome structure, and the process of protein synthesis. It also includes discussions on genetic code, codons, and the steps involved in transcription and translation.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsynb.ppt Material for Introductory Microbiology

  2. Overview • Genes are composed of DNA within the chromosome • Genes code for proteins • DNA is transcripted into RNA • RNA is translated into protein by ribosomes • Genes regulated by control of RNA production

  3. Lecture Outline • tRNA structure • adding amino acids to tRNA • ribosome structure • ribosome attachment • protein synthesis :initiation, elongation, attachment Protein synthesis

  4. Concepts from OAC • Structure & Function of DNA & RNA • Genetic code • Transcription & translation • Protein synthesis

  5. Background Terms & Concepts • Structure of DNA & RNA • Ribosomes • Enzymes

  6. CODONS • sequences of three adjacent nucleotides that code for one amino acid or polypetide termination • 64 codons encrypt of ~ 20 amino acids • degenerate ACU, ACC,ACA, ACG threonine • Start codon AUG (also codes for methionine) • Stop codon UAA,UAG,UGA (nonsense codons)

  7. Interpreting the Genetic Code • Two step process :Transcription -translation • Transcription DNA --> RNA • Translation RNA--> protein

  8. Transcription • occurs in nucleus • DNA unravels- single strand • RNA Polymerase binds to Promotor site • Reads to stop codon • assembles complementary single strand of RNA (primary RNA) • Disengages when reaches stop codon Production of an RNA copy of the gene

  9. Protein Synthesis • Formation of an initiation complex • Chain elongation • Chain termination

  10. Concept Map: Protein Synthesis

  11. Initiation of Protein Synthesis

  12. Peptide Elongation

  13. tRNA-AA Binding

  14. Protein Membrane Signal Sequences

  15. Cytoplasmic signal sequences

  16. Transmembrane Sequences

  17. EM of ER

  18. Golgi Signalling

  19. Overview of Protein Synthesis

  20. Transcription-translation Overview

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