15.4 (p50) Essential Question

1. 15.4(p50)Essential Question EQ: In what ways did the election of Lincoln lead the Southern states to secede from the Union?

2. Lesson 15.4: The Election of 1860 Today we will identify the political parties, platforms, candidates, issues, and outcome in the election of 1860.

3. Vocabulary • political party – political group organized to gain political power by getting its members elected to office • platform – a political party’s statement of beliefs • candidate – person chosen by a political party as its contestant for a political office • issue – something people discuss or argue about • outcome – result; how an event or a contest turns out

4. What are the two major political parties today?

5. What is a platform? A platform is a political party’s statement of beliefs.

6. Who is a candidate for the presidency?

7. What is an issue people discuss or argue about today?

8. What We Already Learned The Republican Party was formed in 1854, and was dedicated to stopping the spread of slavery into the territories.

9. What We Already Learned His debates with Stephen Douglas in 1858 made Abraham Lincoln a popular figure in the Republican Party.

10. What We Already Learned After John Brown attacked a federal arsenal to get weapons to start a slave rebellion . . .

11. Southerners were horrified when some Northerners seemed to make him out to be a hero.

12. The Democratic Party Splinters • At the Democratic party’s convention, Northern and Southern Democrats disagreed over the party’s platform. • The Southerners wanted a defense of slavery, but Northerners supported popular sovereignty.

13. The Democratic Party Splinters • When the Northerners won the platform vote, 50 Southern delegates walked out of the convention. • Stephen A. Douglas was the leading contender for the party’s nomination as presidential candidate, but the remaining Southerners rejected him because he was so closely associated with popular sovereignty.

14. The Republican Convention • New York’s William Seward was favored to win the nomination.

15. The Republican Convention • New York’s William Seward was favored to win the nomination. • Abraham Lincoln, a lesser-known candidate from Illinois, won a surprise victory.

16. Democrats Still Divided • Northern Democrats nominated Douglas.

17. Democrats Still Divided • Northern Democrats nominated Douglas. • Southern Democrats chose Buchanan’s vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky.

18. Democrats Still Divided • Northern Democrats nominated Douglas. • Southern Democrats chose Buchanan’s vice-president, John Breckinridge of Kentucky. • The Constitutional Union Party nominated John Bell of Tennessee.

19. The candidates in the 1860 presidential election differed in their policies. • Lincoln opposed slavery’s expansion into the territories. • Breckinridge wanted the federal government to protect slavery in every territory. • Douglas wanted the slavery question settled through popular sovereignty. • Bell simply wanted to preserve the Union.

20. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

21. Why did the Democrats have two presidential candidates in 1860? • It was too difficult for one candidate to do all the traveling necessary to win votes. • Southern Democrats wanted a defense of slavery, but Northern Democrats supported popular sovereignty. • They hoped that one of the two candidates would appeal to enough voters to win. • Most Northern Democrats were abolitionists and couldn’t get along with the Southerners.

22. Lincoln defeated Douglas in the North; Breckinridge carried most of the South. The North had more electoral votes than the South, so Lincoln won the election.

23. A Republican Victory • Lincoln had promised that he would do nothing to abolish slavery in the South. • Southerners were sure that he would ban slavery, and saw the Republican victory as a threat to the Southern way of life.

24. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

25. What four parties had presidential candidates in the 1860 election? Northern Democrats Southern Democrats Know-Nothing Party Republicans Constitutional Union Party Free Soil Party Choose all that are true!

26. 22. Who were the four presidential candidates in the 1860 election? Stephen Douglas John Crittenden Abraham Lincoln John Bell John C. Fremont John Breckinridge Choose all that are true!

27. Match the candidates in the 1860 presidential election with their policies. • Lincoln • Breckinridge • Douglas • Bell • Wanted to preserve the Union, regardless of slavery • Opposed slavery’s expansion into the territories • Wanted the federal government to protect slavery in every territory • Wanted to settle the slavery question through popular sovereignty

28. Lesson 15.4b: Lincoln’s Election andSouthern Secession Today we will explain why the Southern states seceded, as well as the Union’s response to secession.

29. Vocabulary • secede – withdraw or resign from a political or religious association • response– an answer or reply, either in words or in action • diminished – reduced in size or importance

30. Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • What response is unacceptable from a student in Mr. Bowman’s class? • What is something that might cause your respect for an adult to diminish?

31. What does it mean to secede? To secede is to withdraw, as the South did, from the Union.

32. What We Already Learned The Democratic Party split in 1860 over disagreements over slavery and popular sovereignty.

33. What We Already Learned Lincoln defeated three (3) other candidates to win the election of 1860.

34. What We Already Learned Many Southerners had warned that Lincoln’s election would lead to secession of the Southern states.

35. Why did the South secede? • There were many factors beyond slavery that led to the secession of the South. • Differences in culture • Differences in Economy • Differences in Political Philosophy • Diminished Influence • Over-estimation of the South’s Importance • Lincoln’s Election

36. Differences in Culture aristocratic and stratifiedin theSOUTHvs.democratic and fluidin theNORTH

37. Differences in Economy Slave labor in the Southvs.free labor in the North

38. Differences in Economy Agrarian Southvs.industrial North

39. DifferencesinPolitical Philosophy Compact Theoryv.permanent union

40. Diminished Political and Economic Influence The growing population & wealth of the North made the South feel less important than it once had. North South North South

41. Overestimation of the South's Economic Importance Belief that the North’s economy could not survive without Southern cotton.

42. Lincoln'selection Viewed by Southerners as a threat to slavery

43. Southern StatesSecede • Secessionists argued that since the states had voluntarily joined the Union, they had the right to leave it. • This was the compact theory of government that had been supported by Southerners for generations.

44. Southern States Secede • On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede. • Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, andFloridafollowed within six (6) weeks.

45. The Confederate States of America Formed • February 1861 – Jefferson Daviselected president • TheConfederate Constitutionsupported states’ rightsandprotected slaveryin theConfederacy. • How would the Union government respond?

46. Jefferson DavisAbraham Lincoln

47. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

48. Who was Jefferson Davis? Jefferson Daviswas thefirstPresident of the Confederate States of America.

49. 23. How did white Southerners view Lincoln’s election as president?

50. 23. How did white Southerners view Lincoln’s election as president? They viewed it with laughter, since they had just seceded. They saw it as a as a threat to slavery and to their way of life. To them, it was an example of popular sovereignty. They saw it as a crooked election, with thousands of phony votes cast.