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Advanced installation and troubleshooting

Advanced installation and troubleshooting. Unit objectives Configure SCSI devices, understand fault-tolerant disk systems and describe the different RAID levels Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs, and explain Plug-and-Play

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Advanced installation and troubleshooting

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  1. Advanced installation and troubleshooting Unit objectives • Configure SCSI devices, understand fault-tolerant disk systems and describe the different RAID levels • Identify default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs, and explain Plug-and-Play • Describe various installation methods and how to create a kickstart file • Troubleshoot the installation process

  2. Topic A: Advanced hardware configuration

  3. SCSI hard disk configuration

  4. Mainboard flow control • The processor executes processes in physical memory for devices • Its time and capacity must be shared • Sharing happens in one of two ways • Polling • Interruption • Interrupt Requests (IRQs) • Used by the processor to prioritize simultaneous requests for service from peripheral devices

  5. IRQ priorities

  6. Default IRQ assignments

  7. Default I/O assignments continued

  8. Default I/O assignments, continued

  9. Default DMA assignments

  10. Plug-and-Play • Plug-and-Play (PnP) • Automatically assigns IRQ, I/O address, and DMA settings

  11. Power management • Advanced Power Management (APM) • Older standard • Shuts off laptop peripherals • Supported by BIOS • Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) • Replaces APM • Configured within OS • Monitors CPU temp and battery level • Supports standby and sleep

  12. Questions To which of the following IRQ settings does ttyS1 default on a Linux server? A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 12

  13. Questions To which of the following IRQ settings does ttyS1 default on a Linux server? A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 12 Answer: A

  14. Questions A user has three SCSI devices (two internal and one external) connected to his computer. He adds another external device, and this device and one of the internal devices do not work. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. An ID conflict B. AN IRQ conflict C. A memory conflict D. A driver is not installed

  15. Questions A user has three SCSI devices (two internal and one external) connected to his computer. He adds another external device, and this device and one of the internal devices do not work. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. An ID conflict B. AN IRQ conflict C. A memory conflict D. A driver is not installed Answer: A.

  16. Topic B: Fault-tolerant disk systems

  17. RAID Configuration • Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) • Can be implemented with software • More often hardware-based

  18. RAID levels • 0 Not fault-tolerant • 1 Disk mirroring • 2 Variant of level 0, no longer used • 3 Disk striping with parity bit • 4 Variant of level 3, faster • 5 Most common, minimum three disks • 6 Variant of level 5, adds more parity bits

  19. Software RAID • Linux keeps track of Software RAID systems as metadevices. • The dev/md* systems are RAID arrays

  20. Creating Software Raid in Linux At boot time Once you have all of your partitions created as software RAID partitions, follow these steps: 1. Select the RAID button on the Disk Druid main partitioning screen (see Figure 10-3). 2. Next, the make RADI Device window appears, where you can make a RAID device 3. Enter a mount point. 4. Choose the file system type for the partition. 5. Select a device name such as md0 for the RAID device. 6. Choose your RAID level. You can choose from RAID 0, RAID 1, and RAID 5.

  21. Questions Which of the following commands is used to check the status of a software RAID? A. cat /proc/mdstat B. cat /proc/ide/raid C. mkraid ­­status D. mkraid ­­verify

  22. Questions Which of the following commands is used to check the status of a software RAID? A. cat /proc/mdstat B. cat /proc/ide/raid C. mkraid ­­status D. mkraid ­­verify Answer: A

  23. Questions The administrator sees this line in /etc/fstab: /dev/md0 / ext3 defaults 0 1 Which of the following BEST describes the /dev/md0 device? A. ATA device B. SCSI device C. LOOP device D. RAID device

  24. Questions The administrator sees this line in /etc/fstab: /dev/md0 / ext3 defaults 0 1 Which of the following BEST describes the /dev/md0 device? A. ATA device B. SCSI device C. LOOP device D. RAID device Answer: D

  25. Questions Which of the following RAID configurations is BEST for a streaming­video server where reliability is NOT important? A. RAID 0 B. RAID 1 C. RAID 3 D. RAID 5

  26. Questions Which of the following RAID configurations is BEST for a streaming­video server where reliability is NOT important? A. RAID 0 B. RAID 1 C. RAID 3 D. RAID 5 Answer: A

  27. Topic C: Advanced installation methods

  28. Advanced installation methods • Two styles of installation program • Graphical • Text • Graphical installation • GUI interface • Mouse support • Help window is part of the installation screens • Best for CD-ROM or hard drive installations on standard modern hardware • Text-based installation • Text-based format rather than a GUI-based interface • No mouse support • Faster

  29. Hard disk installation • Copy install files to partition • Boot with startup CD or USB drive • Start installation program • Choose Hard drive option • Point to location of the files

  30. Selecting the installation files

  31. Network installation protocols • Network File System (NFS) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

  32. Configuring TCP/IP

  33. Automating installations • Disk imaging • Fast • Requires hardware to be identical • Programs installed will be identical • Kickstart file • Contains installation choices • Makes settings that are otherwise entered manually • Created with the Kickstart Configurator

  34. The Kickstart Configurator

  35. Topic D: Troubleshooting installations

  36. Problems starting the installation • Boot order • Floppy • CD-ROM • hard disk • BIOSs on different computers may be radically different • Consult the user’s manual to ensure that you are changing the correct setting

  37. Problems during installation • Graphical installation • Video card not detected or supported • Mouse not detected • Any installation • Improper device configuration • Bad RAM • Improper voltages • Boot loader not installed properly

  38. Problems after installation • Installation program did not detect the hardware properly • Programs failed to be installed • Installation log file • Records actions that occurred or failed during the installation process • proc directory • Displays configuration used by the kernel

  39. Files found in /proc directory continued

  40. Files found in /proc directory, continued

  41. Log files • dmesg • Displays hardware detected at last boot • boot.log • Displays boot information • messages • Displays boot and other information

  42. Chapter summary • Configured SCSI devices, identified default IRQs, I/O addresses, and DMAs, and explained Plug-and-Play • Explored fault-tolerant disk systems • Examined installation using a text interface and source files on hard disk or network servers • Learned how to troubleshoot the installation process

  43. An administrator wants to install Linux onto a computer that does not have a CD­ROM drive. Which of the following is the BEST way to complete the installation? A. Install via TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) from the network. B. Install via FTP from an FTP server. C. Install via NFS (Network File Server) from a Web server. D. Copy the CD­ROM files to the machine using the 3.5" diskette drive.

  44. An administrator wants to install Linux onto a computer that does not have a CD­ROM drive. Which of the following is the BEST way to complete the installation? A. Install via TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) from the network. B. Install via FTP from an FTP server. C. Install via NFS (Network File Server) from a Web server. D. Copy the CD­ROM files to the machine using the 3.5" diskette drive. Answer: B

  45. What does enabling the "dead keys" option during installation do? A. It disables the function keys. B. It enables application shortcut keys. C. It provides the ability to create special characters. D. It disables unused keys based on the language option selected.

  46. What does enabling the "dead keys" option during installation do? A. It disables the function keys. B. It enables application shortcut keys. C. It provides the ability to create special characters. D. It disables unused keys based on the language option selected. Answer: C

  47. Where is the first place to look for error messages while installing and testing an application? A. /tmp/boot.log B. /var/log/dmesg C. /var/log/messages D. /var/log/kernel/errors

  48. Where is the first place to look for error messages while installing and testing an application? A. /tmp/boot.log B. /var/log/dmesg C. /var/log/messages D. /var/log/kernel/errors Answer: C.

  49. An administrator watches a Linux system boot and noticed an error with one of the hda partitions. It went by too quickly on the screen for the administrator to read the details. How can this information be recalled? A. top B. fsck C. debug D. dmesg

  50. An administrator watches a Linux system boot and noticed an error with one of the hda partitions. It went by too quickly on the screen for the administrator to read the details. How can this information be recalled? A. top B. fsck C. debug D. dmesg Answer: D

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