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Comparing the Reliability o f the SAC and K-D Concussion A ssessments in Different T esting Environments A mong H igh S chool Varsity B aseball P layers. By: Cory Overmyer ATTR 543: Teaching and Research Practicum. What we already know.
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Comparing the Reliability of the SAC and K-D Concussion Assessments in Different Testing Environments Among High School Varsity Baseball Players By: Cory Overmyer ATTR 543: Teaching and Research Practicum
What we already know • Concussion signs and symptoms (Killiam, Cautin, Santucci 2005) • Assessment tools (Covassin, Elbin, Stiller-Ostrowski 2009) (Ferrara, McCrea, Peterson2001) • Environmental conditions (Onate, Beck, Van Lunen 2007) • Brain development – High School (Gessel, Fields, Collins 2007)
Research Purpose • Examine which concussion test is the most reliable in high school varsity baseball players on the sideline testing environment
Research Questions • Which test among the SAC and the K-D concussion tests is the most reliable among high school varsity baseball athletes? • Which test is most reliable on the sideline?
Hypotheses • There will be no significant difference between the SAC and K-D test on sideline • When comparing the same test on the sideline and controlled environment there will be a significant difference
Limitations/Delimitations/Participant • Limitation • Unpredictability of sideline environments • Delimitation/Participant • No concussion past 12 months • High school Varsity Baseball players
Instrumentation • Informed Consent and Assent • Demographic Questionnaire • Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) • King Devick Test (K-D)
Procedures • Institutional Review Board • Approval from High Schools • Informed Consent and Assent • Demographic Questionnaire • Assign number to participants • Administer SAC and K-D test in quiet environment • Administer SAC and K-D test in dugout • Input data in password protected computer
Statistical Analysis • Non-Parametric Wilcoxin T-test
Results • 45 returned forms • 17 total participants: 15 completed study • Mean score for SAC: 28/30 • Mean score for KD control: 43.796 • Mean score for KD sideline: 40.080
Results Continued • Wilcoxin Signed Ranked Test: • SAC • 6 received lower scores • 6 received higher scores • 3 remained same • KD • 13 lower scores • 2 higher scores
Results Continued • Wilcoxin T-Test • SAC sideline vs. SAC control • P = 1.0 • KD sideline vs. KD control • P = .003 • Values normalized • SAC vs. KD • P = .910
Discussion • No significant difference • Learning curve for both tests • Signs and symptoms of concussions and environments will change scores
Conclusion • Accepted Hypothesis • There will be no significant difference between the SAC and KD tests on the sideline • When comparing the KD test on the sideline and controlled environment there will be a significant difference • Refuted Hypothesis • When comparing the SAC test on the sideline and controlled environment there will be a significant difference