Byzantine Empire

1. Byzantine Empire

2. Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.

3. Fall of Rome • Rome was besieged by various tribes from modern day Germany and France. Dark Ages part 1 Byzantine pt. 1

4. Constantine324-337 CE • Emperor • Converted to Christianity spread it throughout • Founded Constantinople

5. Byzantine Empire in the East • AKA Eastern Roman Empire • Center at Constantinople; • Embraced Greek culture & language • Lasted nearly 1,000 years

6. Justinian527-565 CE • Great Emperor of Eastern Roman Empire (Byz.) • Re-took parts of old Roman Empire from barbarians (Italy, Spain)

7. Justinian’s Empire at its Peak

9. Cont’d.. • Absolute power • Improved Constantinople: • Rebuilt the city • Built Churches (more on this in a sec…) • Justinian’s Code…

10. Justinian’s Code • Single, uniform code to regulate Byzantine Empire • Taken from Roman law • Decided legal ?s that regulated whole areas of Byzantine life: • Marriage, slavery, property, inheritance • Lasted in Empire for 900years!!

11. Rebuilding… • Churches = connection b/n church & state = J’s gr8est passion.. • Hagia Sophia = crowning glory of his reign! • Many thought it was the “most splendid church in the Christian world!”

12. Church of Hagia Sophia [Holy Wisdom in Greek]

13. Interior of the Church of Hagia Sophia

14. …and Greco-Roman learning • Byz. families valued education • Studied Classics & subjects from Roman Empire • Preserved great works of Ancient Greece & Rome = we have them today! 

15. Fall of the Byzantine Empire • 1) Justinian Plague: 10,000ppl/day!! 40% of Constantinople’s pop! • 2) Attacks from both sides: • Persians • Arabs • Russians, and… • OTTOMAN TURKS!!

16. Why do we care?? • Lasted for 1000ish years • Preserved Greek culture • Location of Constantinople (today- Istanbul) • Orthodox Christianity– we learn about tomorrow…

17. Europe of the Middle Ages Christian Schism Between East & West

18. Europe of the Middle Ages • The East-West Schism (1054) • Patriarch rejects Roman • Papal authority • Pope Leo IX and Patriarch • Michael Cerularius exchange • proclamations of excommunication • Creates Roman Catholic & Easter Orthodox Churches; schism remains to this day

19. Art

20. Last thing about the Byzantines.. • Converted Slavs to Orthodox Christianity… • Missionaries invented “Cyrillic Alphabet”– 4 Slavs 2 read!! (the Bible, of course!) • Why is that imp?: Slavic languages & Russian are written in that language today AND Slavs became Christian… (More on Russia tomorrow)

21. The Middle Ages

22. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

23. Europe in the 6c

24. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

25. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

26. A Medieval Monk’s Day

27. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

28. Illuminated Manuscripts

29. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

30. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

31. Charlemagne’s Empire

32. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

33. The Carolingian Renaissance

34. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

35. Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

36. Pyramid social structure

37. Europe of the Middle Ages • In Practice Things Were Not so Simple • System relied heavily on subinfudation; a particular vassal may have multiple loyalties • Power was maintained through the granting of fiefs, or manors; most kings relied on vassals for military support

38. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

39. Parts of a Medieval Castle

40. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

41. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

42. The Medieval Manor

44. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

46. Village Bakery Village Church Peasant Home

47. Europe of the Middle Ages • Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague • Manorsystem provided feudal lords with wealth; peasants serfs were forced to work the land in exchange for food and shelter; near slave labor • Serfs typically could not leave the manor freely; had few rights and little economic opportunity • Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this system; serfs could dictate wages and labor opportunities would open up in the cities c.1350

48. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry)

49. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

50. Identify “Crusades” What is the Truce of God? What were the results of the 1st Crusade? What is a subsistence economy? What is the story of Eleanor of Aquitaine? Quiz 11 A.