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Chapter 7: Historical Linguistics

Chapter 7: Historical Linguistics. They said ‘ what’ ?. Language Change. [....]g fæder, þu þe on heofonum eardast, geweorðad wuldres dreame. 1000 AD Oure fader that art in heuenis halowid be thi name. 1400 Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name. 1611 (KJV)

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Chapter 7: Historical Linguistics

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  1. Chapter 7: Historical Linguistics They said ‘what’ ?

  2. Language Change [....]g fæder, þu þe on heofonum eardast, geweorðad wuldres dreame. 1000 AD Oure fader that art in heuenis halowid be thi name. 1400 Our father which art in heauen, hallowed be thy name. 1611 (KJV) Our Father in Heaven, let your holy name be known. 1970 (Condon)

  3. Nature of Change • Systematic • Rule governed • Invisible • Unconscious • Gradual

  4. Causes of Change • Ease of Articulation • Analogy & Reanalysis • Language Contact • Social Factors

  5. Sound Change: Part I • Assimilation • Place/manner of articulation • Kick+pst = [kkt] vs. can +pst =[knd] • Palatalization/affrication • [s]  [s] • Nasalization • [sng]  [s]

  6. Sound Change : Part II • Dissimilation • Epenthesis • [gana]  [ganda] Old  Mid English • Metathesis • []  [] • Weakening & Deletion • ≈ all vowels turn to []… • Consonant Strengthening

  7. Morpho-Syntatic Change • Word  affix • Affix  Ø • Folk etymology • Hamburger  Fishburger • Word order shift

  8. Lexio-Semantic Change • Organic development • Borrowing • Loss

  9. Reconstruction • Does anyone know how we got here?!? • Indo-European • Germanic • Old English (450 – 1066)Beowulf • Middle English (1066 – 1500)Chaucer • Modern English (1500 – ??)Shakespeare • World Englishes…

  10. Exercises • 1: Do enough to get the point • 2, 3: Write the rules anyway you can • 6, 10

  11. Tomorrow • Read Chapter 11 • First Language Acquisition

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