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Energy-Efficient Algorithms

Energy-Efficient Algorithms. Andrew Meidl Seminar411 Presented: 1/30/13. Presentation Overview. EE Algorithm Understanding Why We Use EE Algorithms Places where algorithms are used WSN Types of Energy Efficient Algorithms. EE Algorithms.

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Energy-Efficient Algorithms

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  1. Energy-Efficient Algorithms Andrew Meidl Seminar411 Presented: 1/30/13

  2. Presentation Overview • EE Algorithm Understanding • Why We Use EE Algorithms • Places where algorithms are used • WSN • Types of Energy Efficient Algorithms

  3. EE Algorithms • Finite set of steps that are used with a system in order to reduce energy consumption • Involves repetition • Ex: Making same type of food for 100 people • Don’t want to underuse or overuse materials • Formula (Kai, Liu. 2009)

  4. Why Develop EE Algorithms • Energy efficiency in electronic devices helps them operate more efficiently • Energy conservation is key to reducing energy costs • Increase in performance = increase in energy consumption • Greater energy consumed can lead to a reduction in availability. • Energy converted into heat • Produces wear and can reduce the reliability of components within a system

  5. Where are they used? • Electronic Devices such as mobile phones and laptops • Power down mechanism • Active, idle, Sleep states • Radio Frequency Identification Readers • Object Tracking and Inventory control • Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN): Monitoring Systems • WNS consist of nodes and base stations • Video of WSN system being used by crop owners, 2008 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix6GUfgEIbs

  6. Wireless Sensor Networks and EE Algorithms • Base Stations : transmitter and receiver of signals which can connect to other networks • Storage Center, data processing • Sensor Nodes: contain batteries which have low battery energy • The node is useless when the energy is depleted = unable to receive or send messages • The sensors can be located in dangerous or hard to get to locations such as volcanoes and battlefields • Sensors closest to sink nodes have been found to deplete energy faster then other sensors resulting in a energy hole • Transmissions then end and the network connection ends • Energy-efficient algorithms are then used in order to prolong a network lifetime.

  7. Types of Energy-Efficient Algorithms • EE Routing Algorithms • A Leaping Based Algorithm • Coal Mine: helps with safety measures • EE Cluster Algorithms • Level-based and Time-based clustering Algorithm in WSN • EE Scheduling Algorithms • Pinwheel Scheduling Algorithm (PSA): Wireless Data Broadcasting • And numerous others

  8. EE Routing Algorithms in a Coal Mine • Leaping based algorithm: focus on load balancing within WSN • Reduce energy consumption of fixed nodes and mainly use the energy from the mobile nodes • Result: prolonged network lifetime & an increase in speed • Nodes with high energy can choose to forward data farther • Nodes with low energy can choose to forward data closer • Communication between nodes is where most energy is used up • Distributed routing can be set up quickly • Response to emergencies is quicker

  9. Energy Consumed by a Node • Formula used to calculate the energy consumed by a node when it receives and forwards kilobits (Kai, Liu. 2009) • If the distance (d) is less than or equal to the maximum (d0): Free Space Model is applied • If the distance is greater than the maximum: Multichannel Attenuation Model

  10. EE Level-Based and Time-Based Clustering Algorithm • 2 phases: Set Up Phase and a Steady State Phase • Set Up: Clusters (groups of nodes) are formed and are assigned a Cluster Head(CH) • Steady State: data transfers to the Base Station occur • EELT Algorithm benefit • Low controlling overhead -> decrease energy consumption in set up phase • Cluster creation and inter-cluster multi-hop occur because of one advertisement message(ADV)

  11. EELT Algorithm: How It Works • With the Base Station(BS) in the center • BS sends a message to all nodes • Nodes calc. distance and their levels using the signal strength of received message • The node then relays its info to a CH which computes the avg. and max energy of its cluster then sends it to the BS • The BS broadcast the avgs. and the maximums to the network • Any node with more energy than the avg. is a candidate for CH for a round • The nodes then sets a time to start broadcasting its ADV message • CHs send their data to the BS by the use of multi hopping rather then single hopping • This significantly saves energy

  12. EELT: Node Selection • Algorithm used to determine a nodes movement when hopping Tashtarian. 2007, pg. 4

  13. EE Scheduling Algorithm in Wireless Data Broadcasting • Scheduling algorithms are meant to reduce tuning and access time in mobile devices. • Access time = speed at which a mobile device can access requested data • Reflects system responsiveness • Tuning time = duration the mobile device remains active. • Helps measure energy consumed while a MD is active • Pinwheel Scheduling Algorithm (PSA): Organizes all types of message used in broadcast channels. • Sorts messages by popularity • Messages are given extra information to help assist mobile devices when they request for a message, reducing access and tuning time.

  14. Mean Tuning and Access Time • Variables used to determine the mean tuning and access time • Mean Tuning Time • Mean Access Time • Number of slots a mobile device uses multiplied by Tslot (Shin, Haw-Yun. 2011)

  15. Summary • Wireless Sensor Network • Broadcasting Channels • 3 forms of Energy-efficient Algorithms • Scheduling • Routing • Clustering • In the future

  16. References • Grandham, Shashidhar. “An integral Flow-Based Energy-Efficient Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks.” Wireless Communications and Sensor Conference. IEEE, March 2004. Pg 2341-2346 Vol. 4. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1311454 • Kai, Liu. “A Mine-Environment-Based Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm For Wireless Sensor Networks.” IEEE Explore. Hybrid Intelligent System, 2009. P215-218. Vol. 2. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5254452 • Li, Tao. “Generalized Energy-Efficient Algorithms for the RFID Estimation Problem. “ IEEE/ACM transactions, Networking, Dec. 2012. Vol. 20, Issue 6, pg. 1978-1990. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6188523 • Matsuo, Ryoko. “Energy-efficient standby mode algorithm in short-range one-to-one millimeter wave communications.” Communications(ICC), 2012 IEEE International Conference, pg.4033 – 4038, June 2012. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6363899

  17. References • Shin, Haw-Yun. “Energy-Efficient Algorithm to Improve the Performance of Wireless Data Broadcasting.” Machine Learning and Cybernetics(ICMLC), 2011. Vol. 3, pg1226-1231. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6016849 • Sivasanker, P. “Performance Evaluation of Energy Efficient On-Demand Routing Algorithms for MANET.” IEEE. Industrial and Information Systems, Dec. 2008. Pg. 1-5. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4798361 • Strong, Peter. “Wireless Sensor Networks.” Oct. 2008. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix6GUfgEIbs • Tashtarian, Farzad. “A New Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks.” Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks, Sept. 2007. Pg. 1-6. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.uwplatt.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4446085 • Yu, Yimin, “Energy-efficient Algorithm for Sensor Networks with Non-Uniform maximum Transmission Range. Sensors (Basel), June 2011. National Center for Biotechnology Information.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231426/

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