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Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships: Some Examples

Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships: Some Examples. Mark Cohen NOAA Air Resources Laboratory 1315 East West Highway, R/ARL, Room 3316 Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA mark.cohen@noaa.gov http://www.arl.noaa.gov/Mercury_modeling.php. HYSPLIT Training

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Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships: Some Examples

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  1. Using HYSPLIT to Understand Source-Receptor Relationships: Some Examples Mark Cohen NOAA Air Resources Laboratory 1315 East West Highway, R/ARL, Room 3316 Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA mark.cohen@noaa.gov http://www.arl.noaa.gov/Mercury_modeling.php HYSPLIT Training NOAA Air Resources Laboratory Jun 2-4, 2009 Silver Spring, MD, USA

  2. We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships. • A few examples will be shown in this presentation: • Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes” • Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

  3. We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships. • A few examples will be shown in this presentation: • Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes” • Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

  4. Atmospheric mercury episode at the Beltsville Maryland measurement site on January 7, 2007 Principal Investigator for measurements: Winston Luke, NOAA ARL Beltsville MD mercury site is a collaboration between USEPA, NOAA, others

  5. Back trajectories simulated with the NOAA HYSPLIT model using meteorological on a 12 km grid • Trajectories started from the Beltsville site (marked with a star on the map) at 5 different heights representing different positions in the mixed layer (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9) • Note that the times are represented in UTC (Universal Time Coordinate) which is 5 hours later than Eastern Standard Time, e.g., 17 UTC = 12:00 Eastern Standard Time • Large mercury emissions sources are indicated on the map, including: • Dick = Dickerson facilities (coal-fired power plant and municipal waste incinerator) • Harf = Harford County municipal waste incinerator • PhRe = Phoenix Services medical waste and Baltimore Resco municipal waste incinerators • BS_W = Brandon Shores and H.A. Wagner coal fired power plants • CkPt = Chalk Point coal fired power plant • Mrgt = Morgantown coal fired power plant • PsPt = Possum Point coal fired power plant • Ptmc = Potamac River coal fired power plant • Arlg = Arlington/Pentagon waste incinerator • Brun = Brunner Island coal fired power plant 100 km

  6. 100 km display HYSPLIT-generated trajectory shapefiles in GIS program (ArcView) along with emissions

  7. We use HYSPLIT in many ways at the Air Resources Laboratory to investigate atmospheric source-receptor relationships. • A few examples will be shown in this presentation: • Back-trajectory analysis of individual measurement “episodes” • Back-trajectory “frequency” analysis of measurements

  8. Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region Piney Measurement Site

  9. Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region Piney Measurement Site with estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other

  10. From Mark Castro, Univ. of Maryland, Frostburg

  11. Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region Piney Measurement Site with estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other

  12. Piney Measurement Site and Surrounding Region Piney Measurement Site with estimated 2002 emissions of total mercury and EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis EDAS 40km meteorological data grid used for back-trajectory analysis Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other

  13. What starting height should be used for back-trajectories? The mercury monitor is about 5 meters above the ground and the actual elevation of site is 769 m above sea level But the EDAS 40km meteorological data “Terrain Height” for this location is about 600 m In this study we used a starting height of ½ of the Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) as represented in the meteorological data set

  14. Top Daytime RGM • Up to 6 clusters, we see an improvement, • With more than 6 clusters, little improvement • So, 6 clusters may be optimal

  15. Piney Measurement Site Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view) 5% 15% 23% 9% Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 20% 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 28% color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other

  16. Decided to try a different approach -- Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics 0.5 degree lat/long grid Starting height for all trajectories in this group = ½ planetary boundary layer height

  17. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site Entire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 10 - 25 25 - 100 1- 5 5 - 10 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.5 degree lat/long grid

  18. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site RGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 10 - 25 25 - 100 1- 5 5 - 10 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.5 degree lat/long grid

  19. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site RGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 10 - 25 25 - 100 1- 5 5 - 10 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.5 degree lat/long grid

  20. Same analysis, but now with 0.1 degree grid… Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid Starting height for all trajectories in this group = ½ planetary boundary layer height

  21. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site Entire year, Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 6 – 10 10 - 100 1- 3 3 - 6 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

  22. Piney Measurement Site Cluster means – Top Daytime RGM (regional view) 5% 15% 23% 9% Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 20% 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 28% color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other

  23. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site RGM Top 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 6 – 10 10 - 100 1- 3 3 - 6 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

  24. Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Piney Measurement Site RGM Bottom 10% (day 8 AM – 6 PM) Starting Height = ½ Planetary Boundary Layer Percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury 0 - 1 6 – 10 10 - 100 1- 3 3 - 6 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

  25. Back to 0.5 degree grid, but now look at differences… Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year 0.5 degree lat/long regional grid Starting height for all trajectories in this group = ½ planetary boundary layer height

  26. Piney Measurement Site Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies top 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury -13 to -4 1 to 4 4 to 7 -4 to -1 -1 to 1 7 to 22 The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.5 degree lat/long regional grid

  27. Piney Measurement Site Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies bottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year Difference between two cases in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury -13 to -4 1 to 4 4 to 7 -4 to -1 -1 to 1 7 to 22 The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.5 degree lat/long regional grid

  28. Finally, differences with 0.1 degree grid… Trajectory Endpoint Frequency Graphics showing the difference in grid frequencies between the trajectories corresponding to a given set of measurements and those for the entire year 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid Starting height for all trajectories in this group = ½ planetary boundary layer height

  29. Piney Measurement Site Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square top 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury < -2.5 > 2.5 -2.5 to -2 2 – 2.5 -2 to -1.5 1.5 - 2 -1.5 to -1 1 to 1.5 The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year -1 to -0.5 0.5 - 1 -0.5 to 0 0 to 0.5 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

  30. Piney Measurement Site Spatial distribution of hourly trajectory endpoint frequencies Difference between selected case and total year in percent of back-trajectories passing through grid square bottom 10% of daytime RGM vs. total year with estimated 2002 emissions of reactive gaseous mercury < -2.5 > 2.5 -2.5 to -2 2 – 2.5 -2 to -1.5 1.5 - 2 -1.5 to -1 1 to 1.5 The yellow and orange grid squares are areas where the trajectories pass more often than the “average” for the entire year The purple grid squares represent areas where the trajectories pass less often than the “average” for the entire year -1 to -0.5 0.5 - 1 -0.5 to 0 0 to 0.5 Air Emissions size/shape of symbol denotes amount of mercury emitted (kg/yr) 5 - 10 10 - 50 50 - 100 100 – 300 300 - 500 500 - 1000 1000 - 3500 color of symbol denotes type of mercury source coal-fired power plants other fuel combustion waste incineration metallurgical manufacturing & other 0.1 degree lat/long regional grid

  31. Thanks!

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