Download
1 / 11
120 likes | 365 Views
ByTaylor Chapman. The Endocrine System. The Endocrine S ystem is like a switchboard. It send messages throughout the body. Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is located in the lower central part of the brain.
E N D
ByTaylor Chapman The Endocrine System The Endocrine System is like a switchboard. It send messages throughout the body
Hypothalamus • The hypothalamus is located in the lower central part of the brain. • This part of the brain is important in regulation of satiety, metabolism, and body temperature. • It secretes hormones that stimulate or suppress the release of hormones in the pituitary gland. • The hypothalamus also secretes a hormone called somatostatin, which causes the pituitary gland to stop the release of growth hormone.
Pituitary Gland • The pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain beneath the hypothalamus and is no larger than a pea. • The pituitary gland, releases hormones signals that cause the secretion of stimulating hormones. • It produces hormones that control many functions of other endocrine glands. • Growth hormone- Stimulates growth of bone and tissue. • Adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH) - Stimulates the adrenal gland to produce several related steroid hormones.
Pituitary Gland cont. • Luteinizing hormone(LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Hormones that control sexual function and production of the sex steroids, estrogen and progesterone in females or testosterone in males • Prolactin- Hormone that stimulates milk production in females • Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) - Controls water loss by the kidneys • Oxytocin - Contracts the uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk production, the “love” hormone.
Thyroid • The thyroid gland is located in the lower front part of the neck. • It produces thyroid hormones that regulate the body's metabolism • plays a role in bone growth and development of the brain and nervous system in children • Thyroid hormones also help maintain normal blood pressure, heart rate, digestion, muscle tone, and reproductive functions. • Parathyroid hormone, which plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood and bone metabolism.
Pancreas • It serves as a ducted gland, secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine. • The pancreas also serves as a ductless gland in that the islets of Langerhans secrete insulin and glucagon to regulate the blood sugar level. • The -islet cells secrete glucagon, which tells the liver to take carbohydrates out of storage to raise a low blood sugar level. • The -islet cells also secrete insulin to tell the liver to take excess glucose out of circulation to lower a blood sugar level that’s too high.
Adrenal Glands • These sit on top of the kidneys. • They consist of two parts, the outer cortex and the inner medulla. • Adrenal Glands affect our ability to deal with stress. • The medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and other similar hormones in response to stressors such as fright, anger, caffeine, or low blood sugar. • The cortex secretes corticosteroids such as cortisone. Corticosteroids are well-known as being anti-inflammatory. • Though connected to the kidneys, these glands play no role in the functioning of, or health of the kidneys.
Pineal Gland • The Pineal Gland is located in the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres. It is stimulated by the nerves from the eyes. • It is small weighing about 0.1 grams. • It has a rich supply adrenergic nerve fibers that greatly influence its secretions. • The only hormone secreted by the Pineal Gland is Melatonin. • Melatonin regulates both sleeping cycles and hormonal changes that usher in sexual maturity during adolescence.
Gonads • Gonads refer to both the two male testes and two female ovaries. • Male testes produce testosterone. • Females ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. • The secretion of sex hormones in gonads are controlled the Pituitary Gland.
Interesting Facts • Melatonin is sometimes called the “hormone of darkness” • Oxytocin is sometimes called the “love” hormone. • The endocrine system is responsible for producing 30 distinct hormones. All these hormones have very distinct jobs to do. • The hypothalamus is the gland that makes you feel hunger and thirst. • People have a 4.6% chance of surviving pancreatic cancer.
How about some more facts!! • When your Endocrine System goes bad… Diabetes, growth disorders, osteoporosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid disease, Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease. • Blood passes through the kidney’s 300 times a day. • The hormones produced are released directly into the bloodstream.
