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USE OF GIS, WEB-BASED MAPPING AND GEO-PORTALS

USE OF GIS, WEB-BASED MAPPING AND GEO-PORTALS A review on the dissemination of spatial census data in European countries United Nations Regional Seminar on Census Data Dissemination and Spatial Analysis 14-17 September, 2010 Nairobi, Kenya. 1/31. Summary.

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USE OF GIS, WEB-BASED MAPPING AND GEO-PORTALS

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  1. USE OF GIS, WEB-BASED MAPPING AND GEO-PORTALS A review on the dissemination of spatial census data in European countries United Nations Regional Seminar on Census Data Dissemination and Spatial Analysis 14-17 September, 2010 Nairobi, Kenya 1/31

  2. Summary Definitions and Recommendations relevant for spatial census data dissemination GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics UN recommendations and handbooks on the use of GIS for census data analysis and dissemination Dissemination of census data using GIS Web-based mapping and geo-portals Some suggestions on planning spatial data dissemination

  3. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.1 Definition of web-based/internet mapping: The use of internet as a mean to presenting and distributing geographic information. • Static maps, as images • Dynamic maps, using data-exchange protocols (server side and client side approaches) Map output or data and applets to the client Request of a map

  4. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.2 Definition of geo-portal: • A geoportal can be defined as a web site that presents an entry point to geo-products on the web. • search for spatial data sets and spatial data services • subject to access restrictions • view and download spatial data sets

  5. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.3 Definition of the census geographic framework: The geographic collection and reporting units used by a census office in census enumeration and data tabulation. This includes the hierarchical structure of census and administrative units, their designations and codes and the relationships between different units United Nations, "Handbook on Geospatial Infrastructure in Support of Census Activities", Series F No. 103, New York, 2009

  6. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.4 EU regulations: REGULATION (EC) No 763/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 9 July 2008 on population and housing censuses (and its implementing Commission Regulations 1201/2009 and 519/2010) “…establishes common rules for the decennial provision of comprehensive data on population and housing…” “…‘regional’ shall mean at NUTS level 1, NUTS level 2 or NUTS level 3, as defined in the classification of territorial units for statistics (NUTS)…” “…‘local’ shall mean at Local Administrative Units level 2 (LAU level 2)…” “…‘essential features of population and housing censuses’ shall mean…availability of small-area data…”

  7. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.5 EU Regulations (cont.): REGULATION (EC) No 223/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities “…establishes a legal framework for the development, production and dissemination of European statistics” “…‘The development, production and dissemination of European statistics shall be governed by the following statistical principles: - Professional independence - Impartiality - Objectivity – Reliability - Statistical confidentiality - cost effectiveness confidential data: “means data which allow statistical units to be identified … disclosing individual information” – Disclosure control

  8. 1. Definitions and recommendations 1.6 UNECE/CES Recommendations: “Dissemination products should be developed which will allow statistical and geographical information to be delivered together with Geographical Information Systems (GIS)…commensurate with assurances on confidentiality. By having associated graphing and mapping capabilities, databases will greatly increase their usefulness. Ideally users should, themselves, be able to generate graphs and/or maps easily, and then to print or plot them or make the images available for other uses…” “The main purpose of the census in a developed statistical system is to complement the information..with a focus on small domain statistics – that is information for small geographic areas and for small population groups (both social and economic)... For small geographic areas, GIS technology can be used as means for both…” The 2011 European censuses are output oriented (census methodology remains with states, ensuring data comparability)

  9. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics 2.1 The INSPIRE directive The EU Directive 2007/2/EC establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) entered into force in 2007. It is a major milestone for the use of Geographical Information in Europe towards the establishment of an European Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) The INSPIRE Directive addresses 34 spatial data themes. These themes are subdivided in the three annexes of the directive http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ 2.2 Working Party on “Geographical Information Systems for Statistics, EUROSTAT. Reports of the annual meetings http://circa.europa.eu/Public/irc/dsis/giss/home

  10. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics - INSPIRE Annex III 1 Statistical units 2 Buildings 3 Soil 4 Land use 5 Human health and safety 6 Utility and governmental services 7 Environmental monitoring Facilities 8 Production and industrial facilities 9 Agricultural and aquaculture facilities 10 Population distribution and demography 11 Area manag/restriction/zones & report units 12 Natural risk zones 13 Atmospheric conditions 14 Meteorological geographical features 15 Oceanographic geographical features 16 Sea regions 17 Bio-geographical regions 18 Habitats and biotopes 19 Species distribution 20 Energy Resources 21 Mineral Resources Annex I 1 Coordinate reference systems 2 Geographical grid systems 3 Geographical names 4 Administrative units 5 Addresses 6 Cadastral parcels 7 Transport networks 8 Hydrography 9 Protected sites Annex II 1 Elevation 2 Land cover 3 Orthoimagery 4 Geology

  11. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics - INSPIRE • Thematic Working Group on "Statistical Units & Population Distribution“ . First outputs. • Statistical Units: Units for dissemination and for use of statistical data • Areas (NUTS/Statistical Regions, census districts, urban/rural areas, management zones, postal area codes • Points corresponding to addresses, households, centroids of areas • Grids • Can spatially linked to administrative units, addresses, or land cover

  12. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics - INSPIRE Thematic Working Group on "Statistical Units & Population Distribution“ . First outputs. Population distribution – demography: Geographical distribution of people, including population characteristics and activity levels, aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit.

  13. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics – WP on GIS and statistics at Eurostat • Current Eurostat principles on geographic information: • The traditional use of GIS for illustration and analysis purposes is important but not sufficient • There is a need for more detail on the spatial level • The need to carry out more spatial analysis in order to derive statistically relevant information from geographical information • The need to make GIS and its statistically relevant use cases more accessible, and to introduce it to a much wider group of users than was currently the case • Interoperability

  14. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics GISCO Project (Eurostat): promotes and stimulates the use of GIS within the European Statistical System and the Commission, manages and disseminates the Geographical reference database of the Commission http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/gisco/ The ESPON 2007–2013 Programme: analysis of territorial dynamics to support policy development in EU countries http://www.espon.eu/

  15. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics • The GEOSTAT project European Forum for Geostatistics (EFGS) • to create EU-wide population grid maps from the 2011 census and to develop a methodological framework for geo-coding population mapping on km grids. • http://www.efgs.info Geostat population map 2010 (Pop by 1 sq km grid)

  16. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics – the case of Albania

  17. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics – the case of Albania Geocoding approach: Buildings coded by grid cell (Unique ID at country level)

  18. 2. GI initiatives in Europe for the standardization of spatial data in the field of statistics – the case of Albania Geocoding approach: Buildings coded by grid cell and by EA Advantages: coding scheme not dependent on administrative units changes and flexibility to aggregate census data by EA and/or grid for dissemination

  19. 3. UN recommendations and handbooks on the use of GIS for census data analysis and dissemination Handbook on Geospatial Infrastructure in Support of Census Activities, Series F No. 103, New York 2009 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/standmeth/handbooks/Series_F103en.pdf Principles and Recommendations for Population and Housing Censuses, Revision 2, Series M No. 67/Rev.2, New York 2008 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/docs/P&R_Rev2.pdf CensusInfo A software package, based on DevInfo database technology, for census data dissemination http://www.devinfo.info/censusinfo/

  20. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Thematic maps Maps communicate a concept or an idea or support textual information Maps are attractive Maps summarize large amounts of information concisely Maps encourage comparisons

  21. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS

  22. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS

  23. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Amhara Harari Oromo People indicating an ethnic group 50.0% 40.0% - 49.9% 20.0% - 39.9%

  24. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Dynamic census atlases Alternative to a static census atlas Publishing of a digital map and database together with mapping software can allow users to produce custom maps of census indicators closely integrated attribute table should contain only a selected number of census indicators

  25. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Some suggested thematic maps for census data Population dynamics and distribution % population change during inter-census period(s) Average annual growth rate Population density (persons per square kilometer) Urban population as percentage of total population Distribution and size of major cities and towns In-migration, out-migration and net migration rates Born in country and foreign-born Born in another division of the country Demographic characteristics Sex ratio (males per 100 females), by age groups Percentage of population aged 0-14, 15-64, 65+ % of female population of child-bearing age (15-49) Total dependency ratio Marital status Birth rate Mean age at first marriage Infant mortality rate Socio-economic characteristics Adult literacy rate (aged 15 and over) Mean years of schooling (aged 25 and over) Illiteracy rate of population aged 15 and over Illiterate population aged 15 and over Educational level of population aged 10 and over Labor force as percentage of total population Percentage of labor force by economic sector Household and housing Average number of persons per household Average number of dwelling rooms per household Tenure status (owned, rented etc.) Type of construction material % of population with access to safe water % of population with access to electricity % of population with access to sanitation % of population with access to health services Source: UN (2008)

  26. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Spatial Analysis Techniques Queries: Often this is the first step in an analysis, where one seeks to create a subset of units such as populated places with certain characteristics, allowing the user to check how typical an observation is against other observations

  27. 4. Analysis and dissemination of census data using GIS Spatial Analysis Techniques Buffering: Involves building a new data layer by identifying all areas that are within a certain specified distance of the original Buffering can be performed on points, lines and polygons and can be weighted by attribute values Buffering can be used to model travel time, for instance, by creating a “catchment area” around a particular feature such as a street, a school or a clinic

  28. 5. Web-based mapping and geo-portals Some solutions: MapServer is an Open Source platform (Opensource geospatial foundation) for publishing spatial data and interactive mapping applications to the web. Originally developed in the mid-1990’s at the University of Minnesota http://mapserver.org/ Open source tools developed in the frameworks of most recent Web 2.0 standards. It takes advantage of highly interactive Google Maps

  29. 6. Some suggestions on planning spatial data dissemination • Consulting with data users and stakeholders • Definition of geographic output products and services (Static and/or dynamic atlas), webGis application (internet mapping or geo-portal), and definition of products to disseminate (digital boundaries of administrative and statistical units, centroids, thematic maps, names of localities, grids, etc.) • Preparation of a timetable of activities for the post-enumeration mapping activities • Planning training activities on spatial data analysis and dissemination for the staff of the NSO at central and regional level • Defining the disaggregated level of spatial data for dissemination to consider disclosure and privacy issues • Analysis of the definitions urban/rural/periurban using census data

  30. THANK YOU for your attention! roberto.bianchini@uniroma1.it

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