1 / 35

Using This Program-- Protein Synthesis

Using This Program-- Protein Synthesis. This program works with simulation kit: Protein Synthesis made by “”, and modified by Holomuzki and Bradley.

rhea-howe
Download Presentation

Using This Program-- Protein Synthesis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Using This Program--Protein Synthesis • This program works with simulation kit: Protein Synthesis made by “”, and modified by Holomuzki and Bradley. • As you read a slide, you may come across a word in a different color. Click on that word with the mouse and it will take you to another slide. Try it! • When you finish with a slide, simply click the mouse to move to the next slide.

  2. Using This Program--Protein Synthesis • That’s all there is to it. When you get to the end, just right click or click on the arrow here, and then click on ‘End Show’, • If you don’t see the arrow, move the mouse and it will appear!

  3. Protein Synthesis • This process uses information coded in huge DNA molecules, transfers that information to smaller RNA molecules, then assembles the proteins from amino acids. • All that makes sense if you know what DNA and RNA are. • I want to do the review. Do Review • I want to skip the review. Skip Review

  4. DNA & RNA • Both of these are Nucleic Acids. • Both are made of Nucleotides that contain • a phosphate • a sugar • a base that contains nitrogen • in this shape: P S B B p S

  5. They can be single chains. Or double chains 1 1 2 Nucleotides form Chains

  6. has bases: Adenine Uracil single stranded Guanine Cytosine Ribose is its sugar RNA

  7. has bases: Adenine Thymine double stranded Guanine Cytosine Deoxyribose for sugar DNA

  8. DNA & RNA • How are DNA and RNA similar? • How are DNA and RNA different?

  9. Base Pair Bonding--DNA/RNA • In both of these molecules, the bases bond in very specific ways. • In both, Guanine and Cytosine always bond with each other and not with anything else. • In DNA Adenine and Thymine always bond with each other and not with anything else. • In RNA Adenine and Uracil always bond with each other and not with anything else.

  10. Bonding Between DNA & RNA • When an RNA is made from DNA, the DNA bases and the RNA bases bond. • If the DNA base is Guanine, RNA Cytosine bonds to it and vice versa. • If the DNA base is Thymine, RNA Adenine bonds to it. • BUT if the DNA base is Adenine, RNA Uracil will bond to it.

  11. DNA & RNA • Remember the differences and similarities. • Number of strands/type of sugar/bases • Remember how their bases bond to one another. • G to C and C to G • A to T and T to A (DNA only) • A to U and U to A (RNA only) • A (DNA) to U (RNA)

  12. Protein Synthesis • Protein Synthesis is the cellular process used to make proteins. Synthesis just means the building up. • The DNA contains the directions for making LOTS of proteins. • When a specific protein is needed only the part of the DNA that contains those specific directions is used. • Three different types of RNA are used in making a protein.

  13. Protein Synthesis -- Two Parts • Transcription is the first part of Protein Synthesis. • It occurs in the nucleus. • It transfers information from the huge DNA molecule to a much smaller RNA molecule. • Translation is the second part. • It occurs in the cytoplasm. • It involves three types of RNA and uses those three to make a protein out of amino acids.

  14. Three Types of RNA:mRNA • Messenger RNA also called mRNA. • Has a straight line shape. • Contains the directions for the protein from the DNA. • Those directions are in three base groups called codons.

  15. mRNA: Codons • The language of RNA is made up of three letter words and the alphabet contains only four letters, the four bases A U G C. • Each of these codons or “words” represents a different amino acid. Codon 1 Codon 2

  16. mRNA: Codons to Amino Acids • Use this table to figure out what amino acid is coded for by UCA. • UCA = ser • I don’t see how you found ser, help! • Go to abbreviation/ Amino Acid name.

  17. mRNA: Codons to Amino Acids • Here is the table again. • What does UAU code for? • What does AGC code for? • Go to abbreviation listing.

  18. mRNA: Codons to Amino Acids • Do different codons ever code for the same amino acid?

  19. mRNA • So that is basically mRNA. • Remember these important points: • mRNA is made from DNA. • mRNA carries directions from DNA to the ribosome. • The code is carried by 3 base “words” called codons. • Codons code for specific Amino Acids.

  20. Three Types of RNA:rRNA • Ribosomal RNA also called rRNA • Occurs in two parts that fit together. • Forms the ribosome. • Is the site for protein synthesis.

  21. Three Types of RNA:t-RNA Amino Acid • Transfer RNA, also called tRNA. • Folds back on itself • Carries an Amino Acid to the ribosome. • Has an anticodon at one end.

  22. Transfer RNA • The tRNA anticodon will bind with a specific mRNA codon. • Anticodon ACG bonds with codon UGC. • ACG can only carry the amino acid Cysteine, coded for by UGC.

  23. Transfer RNA • Because tRNA has such a complex shape, we will be using the substitute shape shown. • The amino acid still binds to the top and the anticodon is still at the bottom. A G A

  24. Serine tRNA A G A tRNA with Amino Acid • This is the tRNA with its Amino Acid attached and the appropriate anticodon. • Why doesn’t the anticodon match with the Amino Acid Chart?

  25. Using This Program--Protein Synthesis So now you are on a different slide. To get back to where you were, simply click on the Return to Lesson below. (Wait for the starburst to stop.) Return to Lesson

  26. DNA/RNA Similarities • Both are nucleic acids, made of nucleotides. • Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and bases • The phosphate in each is the same. • Of the bases these are used in both. • Guanine • Cytosine • Adenine Show me a picture of each. Return to Lesson

  27. Codons: UCA = Serine (1) Locate U in this column/Locate C in this row/Find UCA in the box U C A G UUU UCU UAU UGU UUC UCC UAC UGC UUA UCA UGA UGA AAC UCG UAG UGG CUU CCU CAU CGU CUC CCC CAC CGC CUA CCA CAA CGA CUG CCG CGA CGG U C

  28. Codons: UCA = Serine (2) • Now you have found UCA on the chart. • Your chart may have the name of the amino acid written next to the codon “Serine” • Or it may have an abbreviation “ser”. If the abbreviation is there, then look that up in the listing of amino acids. “serine” • That is the name of the amino acid. Return to Lesson

  29. DNA/RNA Pictures RNA DNA Return to Lesson

  30. DNA/RNA Differences • RNA is single stranded, DNA is double. • RNA has ribose as the sugar, DNA has deoxyribose. • RNA has Uracil as a base, DNA has Thymine. Show me a picture of each. Return to Lesson

  31. mRNA: Codons to Amino Acids • Look up the abbreviation in this list to find the name of the amino acid coded for by any of the abbreviations. Return to Lesson

  32. Codons UAU • Tyrosine Return to Lesson

  33. AGC Codons • Serine Return to Lesson

  34. Codons • Do different codons ever code for the same amino acid? • YES! UCA, AGC and others are Serine Return to Lesson

  35. tRNA with Amino Acid • Why doesn’t this match with the Amino Acid Chart? • Remember the Amino Acid Chart is set up based on CODONS, not ANTIcodons. The Codon that would bind to AGA is UCU, and UCU codes for Serine. So this tRNA is correct. Return to Lesson

More Related