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International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop Oct. 24-28.2005

International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop Oct. 24-28.2005. Assessing Impacts- Economic, Environmental, Social in Sudan By Sayeda Khalil Forests National Corporation / Sudan. Prosopis juliflora (Introduction to Sudan).

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International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop Oct. 24-28.2005

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  1. International Plant Health Risk Analysis Workshop Oct. 24-28.2005 Assessing Impacts- Economic, Environmental, Social in Sudan By Sayeda Khalil Forests National Corporation / Sudan

  2. Prosopis juliflora (Introduction to Sudan) • In Sudan, the first introduction in 1917 for desert control, In the North States, Khartoum and Kassala. • In 1938 introduced to different areas in Sudan • In 1947 introduced to North of Kordofan and Darfur • In 1965 introduced to Reserved forests. • 1974 introduced to East of Sudan (Tagog & Malwiya Forests). • 1986 distribution of Seedlings and seeds of Mesquite in kassala areas. • Last time; introduced by the Finland Program in Areas of Tandalti for controlling desert.

  3. Fire wood Building boles Fodder Desert control Fencing for agricultural scheme Income generation Prosopis juliflora: Economic Benefits

  4. P. juliflora; As an invasive alien species • Invade on Agricultural Scheme • Block Water Canal

  5. Risk Analysis of P. juliflora Based on: • Characteristics of seeds; Seeds light, and distributed by winds, water and animals. • The tree produce more than 2 pounds of seeds per year. • The roots depth into soil further than 5 meters within 2 years.

  6. Impact on Environment (benefits) • Desert Control in the North and central areas of Sudan.

  7. New Halfa Scheme • This an Agricultural Scheme established in 1964 for settlement of people coming from Old Halfa in the North of Sudan. • New Halfa located at Attbara River in the East of Sudan. • This Scheme produce different crops for locals to participate in their life needs.

  8. High Risk Areas ▲(New Halfa) Low Risk Areas Desert Control Areas ♣ Income Generation Areas ▼ ☺ ♣ ☺ ♣ ♣ ▲ ☺ ♣ ♣ ▲ ▲ ☺ ▲ ▼ ▼ ♣ ☺ ♣

  9. Risk Analysis: • Seeds transferred by water • Seeds transferred by animals. • Seeds transferred man • Seeds transferred by wind • In some areas peoples defense on Mesquite trees (benefits). • Good tree for desert control.

  10. Risk Analysis: • Over costs of eradication in agricultural areas. • Loss of agricultural lands. • High competing to agricultural crops. • Within Two year totally block water channel.

  11. Economic Benefits

  12. Economic Impact on Rural Areas In some rural areas peoples depend totally on the Mesquite for all needs.

  13. Impact on Agricultural Schemes In New Halfa 40% of areas loss by Mesquite

  14. Eradication after one year

  15. Eradication after one year

  16. Eradication after one year

  17. Eradication after one year

  18. Eradication after one yearMechanical & Fire Methods

  19. Risks Analysis (New Halfa) • P. juliflora Invaded about 40% of the total area of New Halfa Project. • 60% of channels blocked with P. juliflora (out of total length 2 200 000 Km).

  20. Risks Analysis (in Gezeira P.) • Gezeira Scheme now invaded by Mesquite. With the annual increment of invasion 30%. • Total area invaded by Mesquite 2100 fadden from the total area of the Scheme 2.000.000 fadden (0.42 Hectare). • The seeds transferred by Water, animals, winds and some times by man. • Now days much of cost spend for controlling Mesquite.

  21. Eradication Cost The areas in New Halfa Project classified into Two types: 1- low density areas. 2- High density areas. Now total area eradicated 70% from the total area of the project. Last year the eradication costs about: • 72.000SD per Fedden for high density area. • 42.000 SD per Fedden for low density area.

  22. Eradication Cost • But in other projects, the cost of eradiation may be more than in New Halfa Project, it may depend on the environment.

  23. Impacts of Eradication in New Halfa (Mechanical & Manual Methods) • High costs of Eradication. • After one year the seeds grow up again. • High cost of annual Clearing of agricultural lands.

  24. Some Efforts: Following the issuance of the Sudanese Council of Minister's Decree for eradication of Mesquite in February 1995. The Forests National Corporation, the sole governmental body responsible for forest management in the country, has led a national programme to eradicate Mesquite from cultivated areas and replace it by other alternative forest tree species that have allelopathive affect on Mesquite using mainly mechanical means as well as biological means.

  25. Some Efforts: • Forests National Corporation (FNC) try to replace Mesquite with other species, in New Halfa, Kassala. (Researches not yet). • During eradication there is continuous communication between New Halfa Board and FNC. • FNC with other research institutions try to find biological controls for seeds of Mesquite. • The Gazeira scheme Board try to schedule some cost annually for Mesquite control.

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