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Alternative methods for DNA delivery (transformation). When plasmids and phages are not suitable for transformation. These methods include: Electro-poration , an electrical pulse is used to create transient holes in the cell membrane, through which DNA can pass.
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Alternative methods for DNA delivery (transformation) • When plasmids and phages are not suitable for transformation. These methods include: • Electro-poration, an electrical pulse is used to create transient holes in the cell membrane, through which DNA can pass. • Microinjection; a very fine needle was used to inject DNA directly into the nucleus. • Biolistic DNA delivery (or gene gun), a technique of shooting DNA into cells.