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Veterinary Medical Terminology and Abbreviations Guide

Understand veterinary terminology with word parts, prefixes, suffixes, and common root words. Learn directional terms and species-specific terms for dogs, cats, rabbits, guinea pigs, ferrets, rats, mice, poultry, birds, and pigs.

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Veterinary Medical Terminology and Abbreviations Guide

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  1. Chapter 1 Veterinary Medical Terminology and Abbreviations

  2. Word Parts • PREFIX- the word part at the beginning of a term • SUFFIX- the word part at the end of a term • ROOT- the word part that gives the term its meaning • COMBINING VOWEL- root word and vowel that allow certain terms to be pronounced with ease (vowel is commonly “o”)

  3. CARDI/O- heart UTER/O- uterus HYSTER/O- uterus ENTER/O- intestines REN/O- kidney NEPHR/O- kidneys HEPAT/O- liver OVARI/O- ovary LAPAR/O- abdomen CHEM/O- chemical ARTHR/O- joint Common Root Words

  4. CUTANE/O- skin HEM/O- blood NAS/O- nose RHIN/O- nose COL/O- colon; intestine GASTR/O- stomach MAST/O- mammary gland RECT/O- rectum URIN/O- urine CYST/O- urinary bladder RADI/O- radiation ELECTR/O- electricity OSTE/O- bone DENT/O- teeth Common Root Words

  5. PRE- before PERI- around POST- after A- or AN- without; no AB- away from AD- towards ANTI- against SUB- below SUPER- above DYS- difficult; painful Common Prefixes

  6. HYPO- below normal; decreased HYPER- above normal; excessive ENDO- within; inside ECTO- outside EXO- outside POLY- many OLIGO- very little INTER- between INTRA- within Common Prefixes

  7. -OSIS: condition -EMIA: blood -ECTOMY: surgical removal of -STOMY: creating a new surgical opening -PEXY: to suture to -PLASTY: to surgically repair -TOMY: to cut into surgically; to make an incision -ITIS: inflammation -CENTESIS: surgical puncture into -MEGALY: enlargement of -PATHY: disease Common Suffixes

  8. -LOGY: the study of -GRAPH: to record with an instrument -GRAPHY: the act of using an instrument to record -GRAM: a record of -SCOPE: instrument used to look at or view -SCOPY: the act of using an instrument for viewing -RRHEA: to flow -RRHAGE: to burst -LYSIS: to break down -THERAPY: treatment Common Suffixes

  9. -INE -IC -AR -EAL -OUS -TIC -US -AN -AL -ARY -AC -IAN -E -IVE -UM “Pertaining to” Suffixes

  10. Breaking Down a Term • Break each word into the PREFIX, SUFFIX and ROOT word • Determine each meaning and put into a definition that makes sense • POST/OPERAT/IVE: pertaining to after a surgery • CARDIO/LOGY: the study of the heart • GASTR/ITIS: inflammation of the stomach • OVARIO/HYSTER/ECTOMY: surgical removal of the ovaries and uterus

  11. LATERAL: side of the body; toward the outside DISTAL: away from the center of the body DORSAL: toward the back of the body (spinal area) CRANIAL: toward the head of the body PALMAR: bottom of the front feet ROSTRAL: toward the nose Common Directional Terms

  12. MEDIAL: toward the inside PROXIMAL: toward the center of the body VENTRAL: toward the abdomen of the body (belly) CAUDAL: toward the tail of the body PLANTAR: bottom of the back feet ASPECT: area RECUMBENT or RECUMBENCY: lying TRANSVERSE- across an area dividing it into cranial and caudal sections Common Directional Terms

  13. A- cranial B- caudal C- ventral D- dorsal E- rostral F- proximal G- distal H- palmar I- plantar Directional Diagram

  14. Anterior – median - Sagittal M S

  15. Posterior – Median - Sagittal

  16. Anterior – Cranial/Caudal Cranial

  17. Lateral – Traverse Plane

  18. Lateral – Ventral/Dorsal D D V V V

  19. Lateral – Proximal/Distal P D

  20. Canine- dog Feline- cat Equine- horse Bovine- cow Cavy- guinea pig Primate- monkeys and apes Poultry- chickens and turkeys Murine- rats or mice Ovine- sheep Porcine- pig Caprine- goat Lagomorph- rabbit Avian- bird Reptile- snakes and lizards Amphibians- frogs and toads Terrapin- turtle Species Terms

  21. Intact: capable of reproduction Bitch: female adult intact dog Stud dog: male adult intact dog Puppy: newborn dog Litter: a group of newborn dogs Whelping: the labor process of dogs Common Animal Terms: Dogs

  22. Queen: adult female intact cat Tom: adult male intact cat Kitten: newborn cat Queening: the labor process of cats Common Animal Terms: Cats

  23. Buck: adult male intact rabbit Doe: adult female intact rabbit Lapin: neutered male rabbit Kit: newborn rabbit Kindling: labor process of rabbits Common Animal Terms: Rabbits

  24. Jill: intact female ferret Hob: intact male ferret Sprite: neutered female ferret Gib: neutered male ferret Sow: female intact guinea pig Boar: male intact guinea pig Pup: young newborn guinea pig Common Animal Terms: Ferrets and Guinea Pigs

  25. Dam: adult female intact rat or mouse Sire: adult male intact rat or mouse Pup: young newborn mouse or rat Common Animal Terms: Rats and Mice

  26. Cock: adult intact male chicken or parrot Rooster: adult male chicken Hen: adult female chicken or parrot Cockerel: immature male chicken Pullet: immature female chicken Chick: newborn chicken Poult: young chicken or turkey Flock: group of birds Drake: male duck Duck: female duck Duckling: newborn duck Common Animal Terms: Poultry and Birds

  27. Common Animal Terms: Pigs Sow: adult female intact pig Boar: adult male intact pig Barrow: young castrated male pig Stag: adult male castrated pig Gilt: young immature female pig that has not farrowed Piglet: newborn pig Farrowing: labor process of pigs

  28. Stallion: adult male intact horse Mare: adult female intact horse Colt: young male horse Filly: young female horse Foal: newborn horse Gelding: castrated male horse Weanling: young horse under a year of age Yearling: young horse between 1 and 2 years of age Herd: group of horses Common Animal Terms: Horses

  29. Horse: equine over 14.2 hands in height Pony: equine under 14.2 hands in height Hand: measurement of height that equals 4 inches Common Animal Terms: Equine

  30. Donkey: donkey crossed with a donkey Hinny: cross of male horse and female donkey Jack: intact male donkey Jenny: intact female donkey Mule: cross of male donkey and female horse Common Animal Terms: Equine

  31. Ewe: adult female sheep Ram: adult male sheep Lamb: newborn sheep Lambing: labor process of sheep Freshening: labor process of dairy animals Buck: male goat Doe: female goat Wether: castrated male goat or sheep Kid: newborn goat Kidding: labor process of goats Common Animal Terms: Sheep and Goats

  32. Common Animal Terms: Cattle and Llamas Bull: male cow or llama Cow: female cow or llama Heifer: young female cow that has not been bred Stag: mature castrated male cow Steer: young castrated male cow Calf: newborn cow Calving: labor process of cows and llamas Cria: young llama

  33. FLASH CARDS Use flash cards for new veterinary terms learned throughout the course Study 5-10 minutes each day You will learn many veterinary terms and abbreviations in this course to add to your vocabulary list Make terminology FUN!

  34. Yr SF DLH PE v/d WNL TPR Wt Lbs or # CBC Rads or x-rays dz dx tx o Tabs PO SID o BM Clinical Situation

  35. Twice a day By mouth Surgery Prescription Four times a day History Diagnosis Gums Treatment Pulse Biopsy Positive Every Pound Right ear Left eye Are you ready for the exam?

  36. K-9: canine or dog DLH: domestic long hair (cat) DSH: domestic short hair (cat) M: male F: female S or SF: spayed or spayed female NM: neutered male C or CAST: castrated Patient Information

  37. o: owner y or yr: year mo: month wk: week d: day EX: exotic C-SECT: caesarian section d/o: drop off p/u: pick up d/c: discharge rec: recommend S/R: suture removal Sx- surgery Patient Information

  38. Hx: history V: VOMITING D: DIARRHEA V/D: vomiting and diarrhea PD: POLYDIPSIA (increased thirst) U: URINE PU: POLYURIA (increased urination) C/S: culture and sensitivity Patient History

  39. BM: BOWEL MOVEMENT ANOREXIA: NOT EATING LETHARGIC: TIRED DYSURIA:TROUBLE URINATING HEMATURIA: BLOOD IN URINE HBC: hit by car Patient History

  40. PE: physical exam BAR: bright, alert, responsive QAR: quiet, alert, responsive T: temperature P: pulse R: respiration (breathing) TPR: temperature, pulse, respiration N or -: negative +: positive MM: mucous membranes (gums) CRT: capillary refill time Physical Exam

  41. HR: heart rate RR: respiratory rate ABD: abdomen LN: lymph nodes WT: weight Acute: onset of condition occurs in a short time Chronic: onset of condition occurs over a long time Dx: diagnosis Px: prognosis Tx: treatment URI: upper respiratory infection Physical Exam cont’d

  42. UTI: urinary tract infection SOAP: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan ANALS or AG: anal glands FeLV: feline leukemia virus FIP: feline infectious peritonitis FIV: feline immunodeficiency virus L: left R: right Physical Exam cont’d

  43. Bx: biopsy C/S or C & S: culture and sensitivity CBC: complete blood count CHEM: blood chemistry panel PCV: packed cell volume Cysto: cystocentesis Fecal: stool or fecal sample UA: urinalysis HW: heartworm test T4- thyroid test Laboratory Terms

  44. Rx: prescription EOD: every other day SID: once a day BID: twice a day TID: three times a day QID: four times a day PRN: as needed q: every d: day w: week h: hour PO: by mouth NPO: nothing by mouth Pharmacy Terms

  45. Tab: tablet Cap: capsule ml: milliliter (liquid measure) cc: cubic centimeter (liquid measure) kg: kilogram mg: milligram /: per (mg/kg) # or lb: pounds #: amount to dispense oz: ounces Pharmacy Terms cont’d

  46. Pharmacy Problem • The veterinarian has been talking with Mr. Doe about his dog, Rufus. The dog is on phenobarbital. Rufus is still having seizures and the vet has asked you to have Mr. Doe increase Rufus’s medicine from (1) 25 mg tablet SID to (1) 25 mg tablet BID PO. What will you tell Mr. Doe?

  47. Pharmacy Answer • You should tell Mr. Doe that the vet would like Rufus to get (1) 25 mg tablet of phenobarbital two times a day by mouth.

  48. Pharmacy Problem • The vet has asked you to fill the following prescription: Give (1) tablet of aspirin PO q 12 h PRN. • What will you place on the label?

  49. Pharmacy Answer • Give (1) tablet of aspirin by mouth every 12 hours or twice a day as needed.

  50. OD: right eye OS: left eye OU: both eyes AD: right ear AS: left ear AU: both ears Eyes and Ears

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