CIVICS 7 TH GRADE

1. CIVICS 7TH GRADE THE STUDY OF CITIZENSHIP AND GOVERNMENT

2. Citizenship • CITIZEN: Legal member of a country. The term citizen comes from GREECE 590 B.C. • DUTIES: Preserve freedom, ensure justice/equality for yourself and all Americans. • Qualities: RESPONSIBLE FAMILY MEMBER, OBEDIENT TO RULES AND REGULATIONS. • EFFECTIVE CITIZEN: PAY TAXES. USE NATURAL RESOURCES WISELY. OBEY THE LAWS. RESPECT THE LIFE AND PROPERTY OF OTHERS. RESPECT OTHER’S POINT OF VIEW. SERVE ON JURIES. Be informed on key issues and be willing to take a stand. VOTING. VOLUNTEERING, TAKING ACTIVE PART IN THE GOVERNMENT, LOYAL TO OUR COUNTRY.

3. OUR VALUES

4. THE GOVERNMENT • THE ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND INDIVIDUALS WHO EXERCISE POLITICAL AUTHORITY OVER A GROUP OF PEOPLE.

5. WHO ARE U.S. CITIZENS • OUR HERITAGE OF FREEDOM WAS FORMED BIT BY BIT. GROUPS FROM SEVERAL PARTS OF THE WORLD SETTLED HERE AND CONTRIBUTED TO FORM THE AMERICAN SOCIETY.

6. IMMIGRANTS • DEFINITION: PEOPLE WHO CAME TO THE U.S FROM OTHER COUNTRIES. FIRST IMMIGRANTS: 20,000 B.C. PEOPLE FROM ASIA CROSSED THE BERING LAND BRIDGE AND CAME TO AMERICA. 1492 – Christopher Columbus. 1620 - Pilgrims travel from England to cape cod, near Massachusetts. 1850 – first wave of modern immigration. 1900 – southern and eastern Europeans enter the u.s. in large numbers.

7. IMMIGRANTS • SINCE 1820 MORE THAN 60 MILLION IMMIGRANTS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD HAVE COME TO THE U.S. • REFUGEES: PEOPLE WHO ARE TRYING TO ESCAPE DANGERS IN THEIR HOME COUNTRIES.

8. STEPS TO BECOME A CITIZEN • APPLY FOR A PERMANENT RESIDENCY VISA • APPLY FOR CITIZENSHIP. AFTER 5 YEARS OF BEING A RESIDENT. • GET FINGERPRINTED • BE INTERVIEWED AND PASS A TEST ON CIVICS, U.S. HISTORY AND ENGLISH • TAKE THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE UNITED STATES

9. NATURALIZATION • THE LEGAL PROCESS BY WHICH AN IMMIGRANT MAY BECOME A U.S. CITIZENIS CALLED NATURALIZATION. ALIENS ARE PERMANENT RESIDENTS OF THE U.S. WHO ARE STILL CITIZENS OF OTHER COUNTRIES.

10. IMMIGRATION POLICY • IN THE 1880’S THE U.S. CONGRESS PASSED LAWS LIMITING IMMIGRATION. IN THE 1920’S THE LAW ESTABLISHED A QUOTA, A SPECIFIC NUMBER OF IMMIGRANTS, FROM CERTAIN COUNTRIES, WHO WERE ALLOWED TO ENTER THE COUNTRY EACH YEAR.

11. THE CENSUS • OFFICIAL PERIODIC COUNTING OF THE POPULATION. THE U.S CONDUCTS A CENSUS EVERY 10 YEARS. LAST CENSUS WAS IN 2010.

12. THE CENSUS • COUNTS PEOPLE • TRACKS CHARACTERISTICS. DEMOGRAPHICS (Characteristics of human population) • POPULATION GROWTH. • BIRTH RATE INCREASES. BIRTHRATE IS ANNUAL # OF LIVE BIRTHS PER 100O MEMBERS OF POPULATION • DEATH RATE. ANNUAL # OF DEATHS PER 1000 MEMBERS OF THE POPULATION BIRTH RATE IS A NATURAL INCREASE IN POPULATION.

13. POPULATION INCREASE • BIRTH RATE IS HIGHER THAN THE DEATH RATE • ADDING TERRITORY • IMMIGRATION

14. POPULATION CHANGES • WOMEN ROLES • OLDER POPULATION • MORE DIVERSE POPULATION • MIGRATION TO THE CITIES. NEW FACTORY JOBS BROUGHT MORE FAMILIES FROM FARMS INTO CITIES. BY LATE 1800’S URBAN OVERCROWDING WAS A MAJOR PROBLEM.

15. POPULATION CHANGES • THE INVENTION OF THE CAR AND ITS POPULARITY ALLOWED PEOPLE TO MOVE OUT OF THE CITIES INTO SUBURBS, TO LARGER HOMES, BETTER SCHOOLS AND QUITE NEIGHBORHOODS. (1920’S)

16. SUNBELT POPULATION SHIFT WARMER CLIMATES • SINCE THE 1950’S INDUSTRIES AND PEOPLE BEGAN MOVING OUT OF NORTHERN CITIES TO SOUTHERN STATES. TEXAS, NORTH CAROLINA, FLORIDA, CALIFORNIA.