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CS43 4 /53 4 : Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks zoo.cs.yale/classes/cs43 4/

CS43 4 /53 4 : Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks http://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs43 4/. Y. Richard Yang 08 /30/2012. Outline. Pervasive wireless networks and mobile applications Challenges facing wireless networks and mobile computing Course information. Goal of Mobile Computing.

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CS43 4 /53 4 : Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks zoo.cs.yale/classes/cs43 4/

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  1. CS434/534: Mobile Computing and Wireless Networkshttp://zoo.cs.yale.edu/classes/cs434/ Y. Richard Yang 08/30/2012

  2. Outline • Pervasive wireless networks and mobile applications • Challenges facing wireless networks and mobile computing • Course information

  3. Goal of Mobile Computing “People and their machines should be able toaccess information and communicate with each othereasily and securely, in any medium or combination ofmedia – voice, data, image, video, or multimedia – anytime, anywhere, in a timely, cost-effective way.” Dr. G. H. Heilmeier, Oct 1992

  4. Pervasive Mobile Devices • “In many parts of the world, more people have access to a mobile [wireless] device than to a toilet or running water.” [Time Aug. 2012] • Many industrial countries reach at least 90% mobile phone subscription penetration rate • [see phone penetration rates sheet] • PEW Internet and American Life Project: • “The mobile device will be the primary connection tool to the Internet for most people in the world in 2020”

  5. Pervasive Wireless Networks • Wireless coverage: • http://www.verizonwireless.com/wireless-coverage-area-map.shtml • http://www.wireless.att.com/coverageviewer/

  6. Mobile Device Usage Source: O2

  7. Mobile Traffic Growth Source: Cisco

  8. Mobile Computing Changing Our Lives Source: TIME mobility survey; June-July 2012

  9. 10 Use Cases of Mobile Computing Changing the World Source: TIME survey; June-July 2012

  10. Mobile Computing Featureswith Larger Effects Source: TIME survey; June-July 2012

  11. Mobile Computing Changing Our Lives Source: TIME survey; June-July 2012

  12. Mobile Computing Changing Our Lives Source: TIME survey; June-July 2012

  13. Mobile Computing Changing Our Lives http://www.time.com/time/interactive/0,31813,2122187,00.html Source: TIME survey; June-July 2012

  14. satellite WiFi 802.11g/n WiFi UWB bluetooth WiFi cellular Use Case: Home Networks WiFi BluetoothNFC

  15. Use Case: Mesh Networks • Many users still don’t have broadband • reasons: out of service area; some consider expensive

  16. Use Case: Mesh Network for Disaster Recovery/Military • 9/11, Tsunami, Hurricane Katrina, South Asian earthquake … • Wireless communication andmobile computing capabilitycan make a difference between life and death ! • rapid deployment • efficient resource and energy usage • flexible: unicast, broadcast, multicast, anycast • resilient: survive in unfavorable and untrusted environments http://www.att.com/ndr/

  17. Use Case: Seamless Handoff--Always Best Connected UMTS Rel. 5 400 kbit/s LAN 100 Mbit/s, WLAN 54 Mbit/s GSM 53 kbit/s Bluetooth 500 kbit/s LAN, WLAN 780 kbit/s UMTS, DECT 2 Mbit/s GSM/EDGE 135 kbit/s, WLAN 780 kbit/s UMTS Rel. 6 400 kbit/s GSM 115 kbit/s, WLAN 11 Mbit/s

  18. Use Case: Traffic Signal Advisor http://www.princeton.edu/~ekoukoum/SignalGuru.html

  19. Use Case: Vehicular Networks • Traffic crashes resulted in more than 41,000 lives lost/year • Establishing • vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and • vehicle-to-hand-held-devices (V2D) communications More info: http://www.its.dot.gov/intellidrive/index.htm

  20. Collision Avoidance : V2V Networks • bland spots • stalled vehicle warning http://www.gm.com/company/gmability/safety/news_issues/releases/sixthsense_102405.html

  21. Collision Avoidance at Intersections • Two million accidents at intersections per year in US Source: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tfhrc/safety/pubs/its/ruralitsandrd/tb-intercollision.pdf

  22. Google Glass

  23. Patch Network Gateway Transit Network Basestation Use Case: Habitat Monitoring A 15-minute human visit leads to 20% offspring mortality

  24. Wireless and Mobile Computing • Driven by technology and vision • Mobile device capabilities and platforms • Global communication infrastructures • The field is moving fast

  25. Enabling Infrastructures • Development and deployment of wireless infrastructures • networking: in-room, in-building, on-campus, in-the-field, MAN, WAN • Development and deployment of localization infrastructures • location: GPS, AGPS, … • Development and deployment of sensor networks

  26. Wireless Bit Rates 384 kbps2 Mbps 100 Mbps1 Gbps 1.2 kbps 9.6 kbps GSM1992 IMT-20002001(WCDMA; CDMA) IMT-Advanced~2012 NMT1981

  27. Enabling Infrastructure: Networks All units are Mbps

  28. Enabling Infrastructure: Measurements Source: A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE; Mobisys’12

  29. Improving Infrastructure: Power Efficiency Source: A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE; Mobisys’12

  30. Enabling Device Capabilities, Platforms • Improving device capabilities, mobile application frameworks, applications, e.g., • andriod • iphone/ipad • windows phone

  31. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  32. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  33. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  34. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  35. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  36. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  37. Processing Capability:Javascript Benchmark

  38. Sensing Capability (iphone 4)

  39. Why is the Field Challenging?

  40. Challenge 1: Unreliable and Unpredictable Wireless Coverage • Wireless links are not reliable: they may vary over time and space Reception v. Distance Reception vs. Power *Cerpa, Busek et. al What Robert Poor (Ember) calls “The good, the bad and the ugly”

  41. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference S1 R1 S2 R1

  42. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference • Hidden terminals S1 R1 S2 R1 S1 R1 S2

  43. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference • Hidden terminals • Exposed terminal S1 R1 S2 R1 S1 R1 S2 R1 S1 S2 R2

  44. Challenge 2: Open Wireless Medium • Wireless interference • Hidden terminals • Exposed terminal • Wireless security • eavesdropping, denial of service, … R1 S1 S2 R1 S1 R1 R2 R1 S1 S2 R2

  45. Challenge 3: Mobility • Mobility causes poor-quality wireless links • Mobility causes intermittent connection • under intermittent connected networks, traditional routing, TCP, applications all break • Mobility changes context, e.g., location

  46. Sensors, embedded controllers Challenge 4: Portability • Limited battery power • Limited processing, display and storage • Smart phone • data • smaller graphical displays • 802.11/3G Tablet/Laptop • Mobile phones • voice, data • simple graphical displays • GSM/3G/4G Performance/Weight/Power Consumption

  47. Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Multiple Communication Standards

  48. Challenge 5: Changing Regulation and Multiple Communication Standards cordlessphones wireless LAN cellular phones satellites 1980:CT0 1981: NMT 450 1982: Inmarsat-A 1983: AMPS 1984:CT1 1986: NMT 900 1987:CT1+ 1988: Inmarsat-C 1989: CT 2 1991: CDMA 1991: D-AMPS 1991: DECT 199x: proprietary 1992: GSM 1992: Inmarsat-B Inmarsat-M 1993: PDC 1997: IEEE 802.11 1994:DCS 1800 1998: Iridium 1999: 802.11b, Bluetooth 2000: IEEE 802.11a 2000:GPRS analogue 2001: IMT-2000 digital Fourth Generation (Internet based)

  49. Wireless Communication Standards

  50. What Will We Cover?

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