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Obsessive compulsive disorder

Obsessive compulsive disorder. By: Edgar Leon. Obsessive compulsive disorder. An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are inordinately time consuming or that cause significant distress or impairment. Associated Features. Distress

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Obsessive compulsive disorder

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  1. Obsessive compulsive disorder By: Edgar Leon

  2. Obsessive compulsive disorder • An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent obsessions or compulsions that are inordinately time consuming or that cause significant distress or impairment.

  3. Associated Features • Distress • Anxiety-provoking thoughts and behaviors • Obsessions • Compulsions

  4. Associated Features • DSM-IV-TR Criteria • Either obsessions or compulsions: Obsessions are defined by 1), 2), 3), and 4): • Recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses, or images that are experienced at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and inappropriate and that cause marked anxiety and distress. • The thoughts, impulses, or images are not simply excessive worries about real life problems. • The person attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, impulses, or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action. • The person recognizes that the obsessional thoughts, impulses, or images are a product of his or her own mind (not imposed from without as in thought insertion).

  5. Associated Features • DSM-IV-TR Criteria cont. Compulsions are defined by 1) and 2): • Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g. praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the person feels drives to perform in response to an obsession, or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. • The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or prevent or are clearly excessive.

  6. Associated Features • DSM-IV-TR Criteria cont. • At some point during the cause of the disorder, the person has recognized that the obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. (This does not apply to children) • The obsessions or compulsions cause marked distress, are time consuming (take more than 1 hour a day), or significantly interfere with the person’s normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or usual social activities or relationships.

  7. Associated Features • DCM-IV-TR Criteria cont. • If another Axis I disorder is present, the content of the obsessions or compulsions is not restricted to it (e.g., preoccupation with food in the presence of Eating Disorder; hair pulling in the presence of Trichotillomania; concern with appearance in the presence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder; preoccupation with drugs in the presence of a Substance Use Disorder; preoccupation with having a serious illness in the presence of Hypochondriasis; preoccupation with the sexual urges or fantasies in the presence of a Paraphilia; or guilty ruminations in the presence of Major Depressive Disorder). • The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition.

  8. Etiology • Causes aren't fully understood but there are some theories: • Biological • Genetic • Change of brain functions • Environment/Surroundings • Insufficient serotonin

  9. Prevalence • 1.0% of adults • Appears in childhood and adolescence • More prevalent in a male • More prevalent in someone who suffers from another condition

  10. Treatment • Properly trained therapist • Cognitive Behavior Therapy • ERP (Exposure and Response Prevention) • Decreases anxiety • Medications • Antidepressants • Not all work, however • Clomipramine or serotonin medications

  11. Prognosis • 70% experience Chronic illness • Periods of severe symptoms • Improvement with treatment • Two thirds of children under 15 will continue having it in adulthood

  12. Examples • Obsessions • Contamination • Perfection • Aggressive fears • Doubting • Hoarding • Compulsions • Wash hands • Put things in order • Repeating rituals • Checkers • Hoarding

  13. References • Halgin, R.P. & Whitebourne , S.K.(2005). Abnormal Psychology: clinical perspectives disorders. New York. NY: Mcgraw-Hill. • International OCD Foundation. (2010). OCD. Retrieved from http://www.ocfoundation.org/index.aspx • Morrison, J.R. (June 2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR Fourth Edition. Amer Psychiatric. • Nimh. (2010). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: When Unwanted Thoughts Take Over. Retrieved from http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/index.shtml • Robinson, L. & Smith M. & Segal J. (January 2012). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Retrieved from http://www.helpguide.org/mental/obsessive_compulsive_disorder_ocd.htm#obsessions • Swierzewski, S.J. (2001). Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Retrieved from http://www.healthcommunites.com/obsessive-copulsive-disorder/overview-of-ocd.shtml

  14. Discussion question • How can having OCD interfere with having a proper career, education, relationship and social life? • in what ways does OCD lead into depression?

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